全文获取类型
收费全文 | 967篇 |
免费 | 105篇 |
国内免费 | 24篇 |
专业分类
化学 | 376篇 |
晶体学 | 24篇 |
力学 | 182篇 |
综合类 | 6篇 |
数学 | 141篇 |
物理学 | 367篇 |
出版年
2024年 | 2篇 |
2023年 | 10篇 |
2022年 | 19篇 |
2021年 | 21篇 |
2020年 | 43篇 |
2019年 | 35篇 |
2018年 | 26篇 |
2017年 | 30篇 |
2016年 | 32篇 |
2015年 | 29篇 |
2014年 | 33篇 |
2013年 | 80篇 |
2012年 | 37篇 |
2011年 | 32篇 |
2010年 | 46篇 |
2009年 | 44篇 |
2008年 | 53篇 |
2007年 | 69篇 |
2006年 | 52篇 |
2005年 | 43篇 |
2004年 | 51篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 32篇 |
2001年 | 34篇 |
2000年 | 22篇 |
1999年 | 21篇 |
1998年 | 19篇 |
1997年 | 22篇 |
1996年 | 11篇 |
1995年 | 8篇 |
1994年 | 11篇 |
1993年 | 11篇 |
1992年 | 11篇 |
1991年 | 6篇 |
1990年 | 5篇 |
1989年 | 7篇 |
1988年 | 8篇 |
1987年 | 6篇 |
1986年 | 5篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 6篇 |
1983年 | 1篇 |
1982年 | 2篇 |
1981年 | 3篇 |
1980年 | 1篇 |
1979年 | 3篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1974年 | 1篇 |
1973年 | 2篇 |
排序方式: 共有1096条查询结果,搜索用时 19 毫秒
71.
Dr. Chen Xue Shu Wang Prof. Dr. Wen-Long Liu Prof. Dr. Xiao-Ming Ren 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2019,25(20):5280-5287
A direct band gap 2D corrugated layer lead chloride hybrid, [(CH3)4N]4Pb3Cl10 ( 1 ), shows analogous topology to the {Mg3F104−}∞ layer in Cs4Mg3F10, and with the (CH3)4N+ cations locating in the inorganic layer voids and between the interlayers. Two reversible structural phase transitions occur in 1 at 225/210 K and 328/325 K upon heating/cooling, respectively. On going from the low- to intermediate-temperature phase, the space group changes from P21/c to Cmca, and the crystallographic axis perpendicular to the layers is doubled with the order–disorder transformation of (CH3)4N + cations between the interlayers. The intermediate- and high-temperature phases are isomorphic with similar cell parameters and packing structure; their main difference concerns the disorder degree of the (CH3)4N + cations between the interlayers. The two-step structural phase transitions lead to dielectric anomalies around the corresponding Tc. Interestingly, 1 shows multiband emission, originating from the recombination of exciton and emission of defects. Moreover, 1 exhibits divergent thermochromic luminescent features around the Tc on the intermediate to low temperature transition. 相似文献
72.
Synthesis, structure and magnetic properties of the S=1/2, one-dimensional antiferromagnet, Y5Re2O12
Lisheng Chi 《Journal of solid state chemistry》2003,172(2):451-457
Single crystals of Y5Re2O12 have been grown, and the crystal structure has been determined by X-ray diffraction. This compound crystallizes in space group C2/m with cell dimensions of a=12.4081(10) Å b=5.6604(5)Å, c=7.4951(6) Å, β=107.837(3)°, Z=2. The final refinement led to R1=0.0238, WR2=0.0459 for 1053 observed reflections with F>4σ(F0). Edge-sharing ReO6 octahedra form infinite linear [ReO2O4/2]n chains along the b direction with alternating short and long Re-Re distances. Three crystallographically independent yttrium atoms surround O2 to form OY4 tetrahedra, which share edges and corners in the ab plane to form a two-dimensional Y5O4 network which separates the [ReO2O4/2]n magnetic chains. This compound is therefore isostructural with the series Ln5Re2O12Ln=Gd-Lu, which have been known since 1969. The average Re oxidation state is +4.5 in the chains and a reasonable, if qualitative MO scheme results in one unpaired electron per Re dimer. Consistent with this, magnetic susceptibility data can be fitted to the one-dimensional antiferromagnetic Heisenberg model with S=1/2 and parameters Jintra/k=−89(1)K, g=2.15(4) and χ(TIP)=5(1)×10−4 emu/mol. There is no sign of long-range magnetic order down to 2 K. These results are contrasted with those for the isostructural Y5Mo2O12. 相似文献
73.
《Electroanalysis》2003,15(14):1185-1191
We tested a new design of an enzyme biosensor based on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and choline oxidase (ChO) immobilized on the supported monomolecular layer composed of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of the fourth generation (G4) mixed with 1‐hexadecanethiol (HDT). The resulting enzymatic activity, measured amperometrically, was substantially depressed in the presence of the organophosphate pesticide dimethyl‐2,2‐dichlorovinylphosphate (DDVP, Dichlorvos), carbamate pesticides carbofuran and carbamate drug eserine. The detection limits (1.3×10?3 ppb for DDVP, 0.01 ppb for carbofuran and 0.03 for eserine) were considerably lower than so far reported for AChE based amperometric and potentiometric sensors. The relative simple protocol of biosensor preparation, high sensitivity and stability is very promising for determination of environmental pollutants in field conditions. 相似文献
74.
Fernando Soto Daniel Kupor Miguel Angel Lopez‐Ramirez Fanan Wei Emil Karshalev Songsong Tang Farshad Tehrani Joseph Wang 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2020,59(9):3480-3485
A multifunctional motile microtrap is developed that is capable of autonomously attracting, trapping, and destroying pathogens by controlled chemoattractant and therapeutic agent release. The onion‐inspired multi‐layer structure contains a magnesium engine core and inner chemoattractant and therapeutic layers. Upon chemical propulsion, the magnesium core is depleted, resulting in a hollow structure that exposes the inner layers and serves as structural trap. The sequential dissolution and autonomous release of the chemoattractant and killing agents result in long‐range chemotactic attraction, trapping, and destruction of motile pathogens. The dissolved chemoattractant (l ‐serine) significantly increases the accumulation and capture of motile pathogens (E. coli) within the microtrap structure, while the internal release of silver ions (Ag+) leads to lysis of the pathogen accumulated within the microtrap cavity. 相似文献
75.
Dr. Saud Asif Ahmed Qiao-Bo Liao Qi Shen Dr. Mirza Muhammad Faran Ashraf Baig Juan Zhou Cai-Feng Shi Dr. Pir Muhammad Dr. Sumaira Hanif Prof. Kai Xi Prof. Xing-Hua Xia Prof. Kang Wang 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2020,26(57):12996-13001
Layered/two-dimensional covalent organic frameworks (2D COF) are crystalline porous materials composed of light elements linked by strong covalent bonds. Interlayer force is one of the main factors directing the formation of a stacked layer structure, which plays a vital role in the stability, crystallinity, and porosity of layered COFs. The as-developed new way to modulate the interlayer force of imine-linked 2D TAPB-PDA-COF (TAPB = 1,3,5-tris(4-aminophenyl)benzene, PDA = terephthaldehyde) by only adjusting the pH of the solution. At alkaline and neutral pH, the pore size of the COF decreases from 34 Å due to the turbostratic effect. Under highly acidic conditions (pH 1), TAPB-PDA-COF shows a faster and stronger turbostratic effect, thus causing the 2D structure to exfoliate. This yields bulk quantities of an exfoliated few/single-layer 2D COF, which was well dispersed and displayed a clear Tyndall effect (TE). Furthermore, nanopipette-based electrochemical testing also confirms the slipping of layers with increase towards acidic pH. A model of pH-dependent layer slipping of TAPB-PDA-COF was proposed. This controllable pH-dependent change in the layer structure may open a new door for potential applications in controlled gas adsorption/desorption and drug loading/releasing. 相似文献
76.
亚氯酸盐氧化硫脲非缓冲体系的复杂动力学行为 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
研究了ClO2--SC(NH2)2的非缓冲体系中的动力学行为,发现在开放体系中,体系的铂电极电位和pH呈现反相位连续的大幅度振荡,随着流速的降低,体系行为更加丰富,在高流速的混合模式之后出现了低流速的混合模式;在外部条件变化时,观察到了准周期振荡和倍周期振荡现象;考察了温度、流速、酸度以及反应物的初始浓度比等主要的影响因素,发现分叉参数的变化与体系的行为紧密相关。 相似文献
77.
Electrodes modified by liquid films or plasticized polymeric membranes containing a redox species offer valuable alternatives for the study of ion transfers and bimolecular electron transfers at liquid–liquid interfaces with conventional electrode arrangements and stable interfaces. The ion-to-electron (or electron-to-electron) transducer affects the electrochemical signal, complicating the accurate analysis of experimental data. This can be reduced through the use of an electrode surface-attached redox species of well-defined electrochemical behaviour. As will be demonstrated, the voltammetry of these systems show significant deviations with respect to individual charge transfers, which must be considered for appropriate diagnosis and quantitative analysis. For this, a simple analytical theory is presented here, deducing mathematical expressions for the current–potential response, as well as for the potential difference at the two polarized interfaces, the surface excess of the redox species and the ion interfacial concentrations. 相似文献
78.
In order to improve the performance and durability of polymer electrolyte fuel cells (PEFCs), various improvements in the microstructures of cathode catalyst layers (CLs) were initiated in the early 1990s. More recent advances in CL materials are highlighted, including carbon supports for improved accessibility of Pt nanoparticles (NPs), adsorption of ionomer on the Pt surface, high-oxygen-permeability ionomers, corrosion resistance of mesoporous and microporous carbons, and conductive ceramic supports with a fused-aggregate network structure. These approaches are summarized as stepwise improvements. The influences of the support structure on the distribution of Pt NPs and ionomer are reviewed, as well as their effects on performance and durability. These approaches for carbon supports are extended to conductive ceramic supports and the unique advantages are discussed. 相似文献
79.
Exfoliated polystyrene (PS)/laponite nanocomposites were prepared successfully. The characteristic doo1 diffraction peak of organo-laponite disappeared in the XRD patterns of nanocomposites, indicating that the laponite layers were exfoliated and the ordered crystal structure of laponite was destroyed because of the styrene polymerization. TEM observations showed that the exfoliated laponite primary particles were dispersed randomly in the PS matrix with lateral dimensions from 1 nm to 10 rim. SEM results showed that the PS/laponite nanocomposite particles were almost monodispersed spheres with the size of about 120 rim. Because of the interaction between PS and laponite nanolayers, the nanocomposites exhibited higher thermal stability and glass transition temperature when compared to pure PS. 相似文献
80.
Melt extrusion was used to prepare binary nanocomposites of ethylene copolymers and organoclay and trinary nanocomposites of low-density polyethylene (LDPE), ethylene copolymer and organoclay. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to analyze the structure of the clay phase and the morphology of the nanocomposites. Influences of the comonomer in the copolymer and the content of the copolymer on the morphology of the resulting nanocomposites were discussed. The binary and the trinary composites may form intercalated or exfoliated structures depending on the interaction between the copolymer and the clay layers and the content of the copolymer. 相似文献