The dependence of quartz OSL on stimulation energy

Quartz is the mineral most commonly used for sediment dating. In dating practice, the optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) of quartz is measured mainly using the stimulation light whose wavelength is 470 ± 30 nm. The parameters of traps active in the OSL process are also determined for this stimulation band. The zeroing of the OSL is the fundamental condition of applicability of the luminescence dating for specific sediment and takes place in sunlight whose spectrum differs significantly from the band 470 ± 30 nm. In order to be able to know the course of OSL process in nature, a wider knowledge of the dependency of the trap parameters on the stimulation band is needed. Here the results are presented for the OSL measurements carried out with different wavelengths of stimulation light. For each stimulation band the components of the OSL signal are determined by the fitting procedure, and in this way the wavelength dependence of an individual component is found. The experiment has been repeated for two temperatures of OSL detection – the room temperature, which corresponds to natural conditions, and for 125 °C, which is the temperature usually applied for OSL measurement in dating. Four OSL components are presented in both experimental series. The values of their optical cross-section changes along with stimulation energy and temperature, as it is predicted by the model of OSL process including crystal lattice vibrations.     

非金属矿二级标样配制及其粉末样品的XRF分析方法

针对X射线荧光光谱法(XRF)压片法分析中非金属矿标样不能满足实际工作需要的情况,以四川峨边五渡钾长石矿为例,研究了如何根据非金属矿一级标样配制系列二级标样,以及如何根据二级标样对非金属矿粉末样品进行XRF压片法分析的方法。在采用X射线衍射分析(XRD)和化学分析法研究钾长石矿和一级标样矿物岩石学特征基础上,根据二级标样与待测样品的矿物岩石学特征相同相似原理,确定了非金属矿二级标样配制的基本方法和要求,即二者的矿物种类相同、矿物含量和化学成分相似,并适应待测样品成分的波动及矿物加工的需要,有利于XRF标准工作曲线的绘制;采用实验确定的非金属矿XRF压片法制样条件以及根据二级标样绘制的标准工作曲线,对钾长石矿的SiO2,Al2O3,Fe2O3,TiO2,MgO,CaO,K2O,Na2O等化学成分进行了XRF测试分析,其结果与化学分析法一致,说明本方法准确度较好,能够基本消除矿物效应的影响。     

Improving the Sensitivity of a Quartz Crystal Microbalance for Biosensing by Using Porous Gold

 A quartz crystal microbalance can be used as a biosensor if biological receptor molecules (ligands) are attached to the crystal. To improve the sensitivity, the surface area of the gold electrodes on the crystal was increased by rendering the electrodes porous. This increased the response up to a factor of 3. A protein model system with human anti-myoglobin as ligand and sheep skeletal myoglobin at different concentrations as analyte was used. The quartz crystal was mounted in a flow-cell, where immobilisation, binding and regeneration of the surface were carried out. The kinetics of the model system was monitored under various experimental conditions. Received February 2, 2000. Revision June 30, 2000.     

Electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance study of R-SNO with immobilization on self-assembled monolayer of [Co(tpy-SH)Cl2]

Au/[Co(tpy-SH)Cl₂] electrode was prepared by self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of Au and then synthesized [Co(tpy-SH)Cl₂] and showed good reproducibility in electrochemical properties. The observed formal potential for Co^2+/3+using this electrode was 0.05 V in phosphate buffer at pH 5.6. A strong desorption peak at 0.5 V was observed for deposited R-SNO. The resistance of solutions with Au/[Co(tpy-SH)Cl₂] and Au/[Co(tpy-SH) (R-SNO)_x] electrodes was similar; however, the larger resistance of electron transfer was observed for Au/[Co(tpy-SH) (R-SNO)_x] electrode that incorporated one R-SNO in an electroactive site. A relative standard deviation for calibration curve (r=0.98) was 8% and a liner response was observed for the concentration from 5.8×10⁻¹ M to 5.8×10⁻⁶ M. Interference from amino acids that do not contain a thiol group was 5% or less.     

A new electrochemical cell adapted to quartz crystal microbalance measurements

As the resonance frequency of an oscillating quartz changes upon the deposition of a given mass to the crystal surface, it can be used as a very sensitive mass measuring device. Despite a growing interest in the use of electrochemical quartz crystal microbalance (EQCM), there is still no commercial available measurement cell which can satisfy all the conditions needed in electrochemical investigations. The design and characteristics of a new electrochemical cell adapted to EQCM measurements are presented. The sensitivity of the microbalance, which is determined by several calibration runs of silver electrodeposition is (183.2±2.9) Hz μg⁻¹ cm². This value, which is close to the theoretical one, confirms the validity of the system we have developed. The calibration procedure and the EQCM using range are then discussed.     

Elaboration of nanometric amorphous silica from quartz-based minerals using the fluorination method

A method of elaboration of nanometric amorphous silica is proposed using a rational processing of quartz-based ores with the help of a fluorination method. The different steps of the process are described, including the kinetics of the interaction mechanism of ammonium bifluoride with the initial raw materials, the sublimation of ammonium fluorosilicate and the formation of nanometric amorphous silica. Rate constants and activation energy of the chemical reactions are calculated.     

用石英晶体微天平研究表面活性剂在银固态表面上的动态吸附

吸附是表面活性剂的一个重要特征.迄今用于原位监测表面活性剂在固体表面上吸附重量变化的方法尚不多见.近年来压电石英晶体作为一种高灵敏的质量传感器(石英晶体微天平)已被用于大气和溶液中多种微量成分的监测.用石英晶体微天平研究I~-、Br~-和表面活性剂在金电极上的吸附行为亦有报道.本文研究了十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB)、十二烷基磺酸钠(SDSO)、十二烷基硫酸钠(SDS)在银固态表面上的吸附平衡动力学特性及其吸附机制.     

Grafting of poly(sodium styrenesulfonate) onto gold surface from NaNO<Subscript>3</Subscript> solution

The chemical grafting of thiol terminated poly(sodium styrenesulfonate)(HS-PSSS) chains from sodium nitrate (NaNO_3) salt solution to a gold surface was investigated with a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D) in different salt concentrations.It was found that at low salt concentration grafting density of HS-PSSS was low and the grafted chains adopted a mushroom conformation.With the increase of salt concentration polyelectrolyte chains underwent a transition toward coiled stat...     

An Oscillation Condition for an Electrode－separated Piezoelectric Sensor in Non－electrolyte Liquid

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Development of Piezoelectric Immunosensor for the Detection of Probiotic Bacteria

A Quartz Crystal Microbalance (QCM) based direct immunosensor was developed for real-time detection of probiotic bacteria. To optimize the immunosensor system, model measurements were carried out with bovine serum albumin (BSA) and anti-BSA IgG (a-BSA) antibody. During the model experiments, two kinds of self-assembled monolayers were created to compare their efficiency on antigen binding. Sulfosuccinimidyl 6-[3-(2-pyridyldithio)propionamido] hexanoate (sulfo-LC-SPDP) and 16-mercapto-hexadecanoic acid (MHDA) cross-linking agents were used for immobilizing anti-BSA antibody onto the gold surface of the AT-cut quartz wafer. Two different measuring procedures, flow-through and stopped-flow methods, were applied, and the frequency responses obtained by both analytical methods were compared.

After the model experiments probiotic bacteria, Bifidobacterium bifidum O1356 and Lactobacillus acidophilus O1132 serotypes were detected from buffer solution and from real samples (spiked milk samples, acidophilus, and bifidus milk samples).

Using the novel immunosensor, the target bacteria could be detected in the range of 10⁴–10⁷ colony-forming units (CFU)/ml within 60 minutes. The selectivity of a-Bifidobacterium bifidum and a-Lactobacillus acidophilus antibody coated sensors were also tested.