STM study of successive Ge growth on “V”-stripe patterned Si (0 0 1) surfaces at different growth temperatures

The self-assembly process of Ge islands on patterned Si (0 0 1) substrates is investigated using scanning tunneling microscopy. The substrate patterns consist of one-dimensional stripes with “V”-shaped geometry and sidewalls inclined by an angle of 9° to the (0 0 1) surface. Onto these stripes, Ge is deposited in a step-wise manner at different temperatures from 520 °C to 650 °C. At low temperature, the Ge first grows nearly conformally over the patterned surface but at about 3 monolayers a strong surface roughening due to reconstruction of the surface ridges as well as side wall ripple formation occurs. At 600 °C, a similar roughening takes place, but Ge accumulates within the grooves such that at a critical thickness of 4.5 monolayers, 3D islands are formed at the bottom of the grooves. This accumulation process is enhanced at 650 °C growth, so that the island formation starts about 1 monolayers earlier. At 600 and 650 °C, all islands are all aligned at the bottom of the stripes, whereas at 550 °C Ge island form preferentially on top of ridges. The experimental observations are explained by the strong temperature dependence of Ge diffusion over the patterned surface.     

On fractional quantum Hall solitons in ABJM-like theory

Using D-brane physics, we study fractional quantum Hall solitons (FQHS) in ABJM-like theory in terms of type IIA dual geometries. In particular, we discuss a class of Chern-Simons (CS) quivers describing FQHS systems at low energy. These CS quivers come from R-R gauge fields interacting with D6-branes wrapped on 4-cycles, which reside within a blown up CP³ projective space. Based on the CS quiver method and mimicking the construction of del Pezzo surfaces in terms of CP², we first give a model which corresponds to a single layer model of FQHS system, then we propose a multi-layer system generalizing the doubled CS field theory, which is used in the study of topological defect in graphene.     

Transmission time of a particle in the reflectionless Sech-squared potential: Quantum clock approach

We investigate the time for a particle to pass through the reflectionless Sech-squared potential. Using the Salecker-Wigner and Peres quantum clock an average transmission time of a Gaussian wave packet representing the particle is explicitly evaluated in terms of average momentum and travel distance. The average transmission time is shown to be shorter than the time of free-particle motion and very close to the classical time for wave packets with well-localized momentum states. Since the clock measures the duration of scattering process the average transmission time can be interpreted as the average dwell time.     

Classicalization times of parametrically amplified “Schrödinger cat” states coupled to phase-sensitive reservoirs

The exact Wigner function of a parametrically excited quantum oscillator in a phase-sensitive amplifying/attenuating reservoir is found for initial even/odd coherent states. Studying the evolution of negativity of the Wigner function we show the difference between the “initial positivization time” (IPT), which is inversely proportional to the square of the initial size of the superposition, and the “final positivization time” (FPT), which does not depend on this size. Both these times can be made arbitrarily long in maximally squeezed high-temperature reservoirs. Besides, we find the conditions when some (small) squeezing can exist even after the Wigner function becomes totally positive.     

Tripartite entanglement of atoms trapped in coupled cavities via quantum Zeno dynamics

A scheme is proposed for the generation of a W state for three atoms trapped in spatially separated cavities connected by optical fibers via quantum Zeno dynamics. Our scheme is based on the resulting effective dynamics induced by continuous coupling between the atoms and cavities. The effects of decoherence such as atomic spontaneous emission and the fiber and cavity losses are considered. Numerical results show that the scheme is very robust against the cavity decay due to a tiny excitation probability of the cavity fields during the operation.     

Uncertainty relations for a q-deformed coherent spin state

A Coherent Spin State (CSS) is defined as an eigenstate of the spin component in the direction specified by angles (θ₀,?₀). This state satisfies minimum uncertainty relation, with uncertainties equally distributed on any two orthogonal components normal to the direction of the total spin vector 〈S〉. Starting from this concept, we apply the notion of CSS to quantum groups and discuss the properties of q-deformed CSS and the associated uncertainty relations. We show that these states behave as Intelligent Spin States (ISS) on two orthogonal components normal to the direction of the mean value of the spin operator.     

Faithful teleportation of multi-particle states involving multi spatially remote agents via probabilistic channels

We present an approach to faithfully teleport an unknown quantum state of entangled particles in a multi-particle system involving multi spatially remote agents via probabilistic channels. In our scheme, the integrity of an entangled multi-particle state can be maintained even when the construction of a faithful channel fails. Furthermore, in a quantum teleportation network, there are generally multi spatially remote agents which play the role of relay nodes between a sender and a distant receiver. Hence, we propose two schemes for directly and indirectly constructing a faithful channel between the sender and the distant receiver with the assistance of relay agents, respectively. Our results show that the required auxiliary particle resources, local operations and classical communications are considerably reduced for the present purpose.     

Brownian motion of a classical particle in quantum environment

The Klein–Kramers equation, governing the Brownian motion of a classical particle in a quantum environment under the action of an arbitrary external potential, is derived. Quantum temperature and friction operators are introduced and at large friction the corresponding Smoluchowski equation is obtained. Introducing the Bohm quantum potential, this Smoluchowski equation is extended to describe the Brownian motion of a quantum particle in quantum environment.     

Approximate time-optimal control of quantum ensembles based on sampling and learning

For a general quantum ensemble with Hamiltonian fluctuations, this paper proposes a sampling-based two-stage approximate time-optimal control algorithm with momentum terms and achieves a high-fidelity state transition of all member systems to a common target state within an approximate minimum time. The fidelity and the control time are respectively optimized in the two stages. In particular, the introduction of momentum terms greatly improves the convergence rate of the algorithm. Simulation experiments on a two-level quantum ensemble verify the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.