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121.
The time development of the reduced density matrix for a quantum oscillator damped by coupling it to an ohmic environment is calculated via an identity of the Debye-Waller form. Results obtained some years ago by Hakim and the author in the free-particle limit(10) are thus recovered. The evolution of a free particle in a prepared initial state is examined, and a previously published exchange(5,9) is illuminated with figures showing no decoherence without dissipation. PACS number: 03.75.Ss  相似文献   
122.
Methane activation catalyzed over Ag-exchanged ZSM-5 zeolites was investigated by using the density functional theory (DFT) with a cluster model. Two different pathways were taken into account in this work: the “alkyl” and the “carbenium” pathways. The activation barriers obtained are 34.09 and 66.63 kcal/mol for the “alkyl” and the “carbenium” pathway, respectively. The calculated results show that the activation barrier of the “alkyl” pathway is smaller than that of “carbenium” pathway. Consequently, the “alkyl” pathway is the preferential reaction pathway. A new mechanism of methane conversion in the presence of ethene was proposed. In the catalytic cycle, the initial step of methane activation proceeds with the “alkyl” pathway and the Ag+ cation acts as an acceptor of the methyl group, then ethene reacts with the Ag+CH3 group to form propene. In addition, it is found that the Ag+ cations play an important role in the methane activation, compared with the reaction of methane activation over H-ZSM-5.  相似文献   
123.
We investigate, in the context of five-dimensional (5D) Brans–Dicke theory of gravity, the idea that macroscopic matter configurations can be generated from pure vacuum in five dimensions, an approach first proposed by Wesson and collaborators in the framework of 5D general relativity. We show that the 5D Brans–Dicke vacuum equations when reduced to four dimensions (4D) lead to a modified version of Brans–Dicke theory in 4D. As an application of the formalism, we obtain two 5D extensions of 4D O’Hanlon and Tupper vacuum solution and show that they lead two different cosmological scenarios in 4D.  相似文献   
124.
125.
We report on photoluminescence measurements of vertically stacked InAs/GaAs quantum dots grown by molecular beam epitaxy on focused ion beam patterned hole arrays with varying array spacing. Quantum dot emission at 1.24 eV was observed only on patterned regions, demonstrating preferential nucleation of optically active dots at desired locations and below the critical thickness for dot formation at these growth conditions. Photoluminescence measurements as a function of varying focused ion beam irradiated hole spacing showed that the quantum dot emission intensity increased with decreasing array periodicity, consistent with increasing dot density.  相似文献   
126.
Beni Yoshida 《Annals of Physics》2011,326(10):2566-2633
Recently, it has become apparent that the thermal stability of topologically ordered systems at finite temperature, as discussed in condensed matter physics, can be studied by addressing the feasibility of self-correcting quantum memory, as discussed in quantum information science. Here, with this correspondence in mind, we propose a model of quantum codes that may cover a large class of physically realizable quantum memory. The model is supported by a certain class of gapped spin Hamiltonians, called stabilizer Hamiltonians, with translation symmetries and a small number of ground states that does not grow with the system size. We show that the model does not work as self-correcting quantum memory due to a certain topological constraint on geometric shapes of its logical operators. This quantum coding theoretical result implies that systems covered or approximated by the model cannot have thermally stable topological order, meaning that systems cannot be stable against both thermal fluctuations and local perturbations simultaneously in two and three spatial dimensions.  相似文献   
127.
基于学习过程,本文侧重讨论了目前物理教学中常见的几种教学改革模式的目的和功效,对进一步改善教学效果提出了相应的建议.  相似文献   
128.
The effects of rapid thermal annealing on the optical properties of InAs/(In)GaAs quantum dots (QDs) with different areal density were investigated by photoluminescence (PL) measurement. The annealing results in PL peak energy blue-shift which strongly depends on QD areal density and capping layer. It is noticeable that low-density QDs and/or InGaAs-capped QDs are more sensitive to the annealing. We attribute the larger energy blue-shift from these samples to enhanced strain-driven diffusion and/or defect-assisted diffusion.  相似文献   
129.
We develop a dynamical formulation of one-dimensional scattering theory where the reflection and transmission amplitudes for a general, possibly complex and energy-dependent, scattering potential are given as solutions of a set of dynamical equations. By decoupling and partially integrating these equations, we reduce the scattering problem to a second order linear differential equation with universal initial conditions that is equivalent to an initial-value time-independent Schrödinger equation. We give explicit formulas for the reflection and transmission amplitudes in terms of the solution of either of these equations and employ them to outline an inverse-scattering method for constructing finite-range potentials with desirable scattering properties at any prescribed wavelength. In particular, we construct optical potentials displaying threshold lasing, antilasing, and unidirectional invisibility.  相似文献   
130.
The paper concerns integral quantization, a procedure based on operator-valued measure and resolution of the identity. We insist on covariance properties in the important case where group representation theory is involved. We also insist on the inherent probabilistic aspects of this classical–quantum map. The approach includes and generalizes coherent state quantization. Two applications based on group representation are carried out. The first one concerns the Weyl–Heisenberg group and the euclidean plane viewed as the corresponding phase space. We show that a world of quantizations exist, which yield the canonical commutation rule and the usual quantum spectrum of the harmonic oscillator. The second one concerns the affine group of the real line and gives rise to an interesting regularization of the dilation origin in the half-plane viewed as the corresponding phase space.  相似文献   
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