A contribution to the theory of OD EPR of spin-correlated radical pairs

A composite structure of OD EPR spectra is predicted. The OD EPR spectra consist of a broad component which manifests many features similar to conventional CW EPR spectra and a narrow component which appears as a hole in the broad spectrum. The width of the narrow component is estimated. The contribution of singlet-triplet dephasing to the shape of the OD EPR spectra is discussed comprehensively. It is shown that changes of the OD EPR spectra with an increase in the rate of singlet-triplet dephasing can be interpreted in terms of a redistribution of the populations of mixed (singlet and triplet) states of radical pairs and of exchange of the coherences corresponding to the EPR transitions for radical pairs.     

SOLID-STATE HIGH RESOLUTION NMR STUDY ON POLY (2, 6-DIMETHYL-1,4-PHENYLENE OXIDE)

Experiments including ~(13)C spin-lattice relaxation, ~(13)C heteronuclear dipolar dephasing and~1H spin diffusion are performed on poly (2, 6-dimethyl-1, 4-phenylene oxide) (PPO). Theresults show that the rotation of the methyl groups in solid PPO is partially restricted, whichresults in a surprisingly efficient spin diffusion between the aromatic proton and methyl protoncharacterized by a diffusion time of 150μs. The results also show that the aromatic ring insolid PPO is rigid and twisted, which causes all aromatic carbons to be chemicallyunequivalent.     

Effect of boundaries and impurities on electron–phonon dephasing

Electron scattering from boundaries and impurities destroys the single-particle picture of the electron–phonon interaction. We show that quantum interference between ‘pure‘ electron–phonon and electron–boundary/impurity scattering may result in the reduction as well as to the significant enlargement of the electron dephasing rate. This effect crucially depends on the extent, to which electron scatterers, such as boundaries and impurities, are dragged by phonons. Static and vibrating scatterers are described by two dimensionless parametersq_Tl and q_TL, where q is the wavevector of the thermal phonon, l is the total electron mean-free path, L is the mean-free path due to scattering from static scatterers. According to the Pippard ineffectiveness condition , without static scatterers the dephasing rate at low temperatures is slower by the factor 1 / ql than the rate in a pure bulk material. However, in the presence of static potential the dephasing rate turns out to be 1 / qL times faster. Thus, at low temperatures electron dephasing and energy relaxation may be controlled by electron boundary/impurity scattering in a wide range.     

纯钨红外光谱发射率特性研究

光谱发射率是一个重要的热物性参数,在辐射测温、热传输计算等领域有着广泛的应用。钨作为一种重要的金属,关于其光谱发射率的研究报道较少。利用黑体炉、傅里叶红外光谱仪、加热装置和光学系统搭建了一套能量对比法光谱发射率测量装置,该装置能够测量3~20μm的光谱发射率,测量装置的整体不确定度优于5%。利用该装置测量了纯钨在4个温度点(573, 673, 773和873 K)的法向光谱发射率,重点探讨了氧化、温度、波长和加热时间对纯钨光谱发射率的影响。研究结果表明:纯钨在表面未氧化的情况下,光谱发射率在几个温度点的变化规律基本一致,且数值相差较小,而当其表面发生氧化后光谱发射率迅速增加,在某些波长处出现了强烈的振荡。表面未氧化时纯钨的光谱发射率受温度的影响较小,随着温度的增加仅出现微小的增加,但是当表面发生氧化后,随温度的升高而迅速增大。纯钨的光谱发射率整体上随着波长的增加而减小,但是当表面发生氧化后,由于表面氧化膜与钨金属基底发生干涉效应,在4, 9, 12.5和16.5μm处均出现了峰值。在573和673 K,纯钨的光谱发射率随着加热时间的增加无明显变化。然而,随着温度的升高,在773和873 K时,光谱发射率随着加热时间增加而增大,在773 K时光谱发射率随加热时间的增加增幅较大,因为在该温度点,纯钨表面刚开始发生氧化,氧化速率较大,在873 K时光谱发射率随加热时间的增加增幅较为平缓,并且随着加热时间的增长呈现稳定的趋势。综上,纯钨的光谱发射率在温度较低和表面未氧化时较为稳定。随着温度的升高,当表面发生氧化后,光谱发射率迅速增大,并且在多个波长位置出现了强烈的振荡。由此可见,纯钨光谱发射率受温度、波长、加热时间的影响较大,在实际应用过程中,特别是在辐射测温过程中,如果把纯钨的光谱发射率看做常数将会带来较大的测量误差。该研究将进一步丰富钨的光谱发射率数据,并为其在科学研究和应用中提供数据支持。     

纯铝在KOH-乙醇溶液中的电化学行为

研究纯铝在KOH 乙醇溶液中的电化学行为,腐蚀失重、极化曲线、EIS和恒电流放电实验表明,该体系纯铝的腐蚀速率极小,因而有可能应用于密闭电池,并可在相当宽的电位范围内保持一定的活性.放电的终止可能是由于放电产物在电极表面堆积引起的.     

On extremal pure Nash equilibria for mixed extensions of normal-form games

In this paper we derive conditions under which mixed extensions of normal-form games have least and greatest Nash equilibria in pure strategies, and either of them gives best utilities among all mixed Nash equilibria when strategy spaces are complete separable metric spaces equipped with closed partial orderings, and the values of utility functions are in separable ordered Banach spaces. The obtained results are applied to supermodular normal-form games whose strategy spaces are multidimensional.     

工业纯铁中九种杂质元素的光谱分析方法

本文所叙述的方法是将固体工业纯铁在车床或铣床上打平,然后以选好的仪器测量条件,用铁元素作内标,按照自编分析程序在MBS火花发射台的氩气气氛中激发,进行火花原子发射光谱法测定,此法快速、简便,所得分析结果基本与标准值相同,其相对标准偏差RSD≤10%,结果令人满意。     

Optimising Noisy Objective Functions

This discussion paper considers the use of stochastic algorithms for solving global optimisation problems in which function evaluations are subject to random noise. An idea is outlined for discussion at the forthcoming Stochastic Global Optimisation 2001 workshop in Hanmer in June; we propose that a noisy version of pure random search be studied.     

Splitting graphs when calculating Myerson value for pure overhead games

A communication situation consists of a coalitional game and a graph, the nodes of the graph corresponding to the players of the game. To calculate the Myerson value for such situations, we obtain results which extend those well known for trees and cycle-complete graphs. On the other hand, in order to reduce the associated calculus for communication situations with a pure overhead game, the possibility of splitting the graph in several subgraphs is analyzed. For each fixed decomposition of the graph, a subspace of games compatible with this decomposition is given.     

Failure of Brown representability in derived categories

Let be a triangulated category with coproducts, the full subcategory of compact objects in . If is the homotopy category of spectra, Adams (Topology 10 (1971) 185–198), proved the following: All homological functors are the restrictions of representable functors on , and all natural transformations are the restrictions of morphisms in . It has been something of a mystery, to what extent this generalises to other triangulated categories. In Neeman (Topology 36 (1997) 619–645), it was proved that Adams’ theorem remains true as long as is countable, but can fail in general. The failure exhibited was that there can be natural transformations not arising from maps in . A puzzling open problem remained: Is every homological functor the restriction of a representable functor on ? In a recent paper, Beligiannis (Relative homological and purity in triangulated categories, 1999, preprint) made some progress. But in this article, we settle the problem. The answer is no. There are examples of derived categories of rings, and homological functors which are not restrictions of representables.