元素含量分析应用于樱桃产地溯源

利用电感耦合等离子体质谱仪(ICP-MS)和电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-OES)对来自美国、加拿大和中国3个地区的92份樱桃中51种元素含量进行测定,并结合化学计量学中主成分分析(PCA)和偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA),建立了基于元素含量的判别模型对3个地区樱桃进行区分。结果表明,PCA和PLS-DA多元统计模型均可区分中国和美国、加拿大和中国来源的樱桃样品,中国樱桃与美国、加拿大两国樱桃样品具有显著聚集特征,但美国与加拿大两国樱桃样品聚集交叉在一起。樱桃样品的PLS-DA产地溯源鉴定模型显示,Pr、Nd、Ce、Y、Co、Mo、Mn、Dy、Gd、Ni、Ho、Sm、Sr、Er、Ga、U、Na、Yb、Be和Zn 20种元素为主要显著元素变量,根据这20种元素含量分布情况即可构建樱桃的产地溯源鉴定模型。PLS-DA产地溯源鉴定模型对3个产地来源樱桃样品识别率分别是美国50%、加拿大83.3%和中国83.3%。     

基于可见-近红外光谱的制动液品牌鉴别方法研究

提出了一种基于可见-近红外光谱分析技术快速鉴别汽车制动液品牌的新方法。采用美国ASD公司的便携式光谱仪对五种不同品牌的制动液进行光谱分析,各获取60个样本数据。采用平均平滑法和标准归一化方法对样本数据进行预处理,再对光谱数据进行主成分分析,建立第一主成分和第二主成分的二维散点图,表明不同品牌制动液具有较好的聚类特性。将前6个主成分作为输入量,制动液品牌作为输出量,建立了基于逐步判别分析法的鉴别模型。随机抽取225个样本用于建模,余下的75个样本用于模型验证。试验结果表明验证准确率达到94.67%,说明所提出的方法具有很好的分类和鉴别作用,为制动液品牌的快速鉴别提供了一种新方法。     

微弱光学图像的光参量放大特性的研究

研究了微弱光学图像在光参量图像放大中的放大特性,分析了相位匹配和晶体的空间频率带宽对图像信号增益的影响,从实验上验证了不同的相位匹配时输入图像信号在傅里叶平面上的增益分布.结果表明,当晶体的空间频率带宽大于输入图像信号的空间频率带宽且完全相位匹配时,光参量图像放大器能够对输入图像信号实现无失真、高增益的理想放大;有相位失配时,图像信号的增益峰值向高空间频率范围移动,并且在峰值附近范围变窄,随相位失配量大小的变化能够对图像信号光场中某特定空间频率实现放大,对图像信号进行滤波处理,突出图像特定频率的信息,实现图像边缘增强.     

一类C^3—连续的B—型样条曲线及其插值与逼近性

本文提出一类Ｃ３－连续的带有因子的Ｂ－型参数样条曲线,它的每一段只要四个 控制点就能生成,可用它直接插值或逼近于任意控制点或对控制边多边形作局部或整体逼 近。利用因子间的某些关系可将其次数降到最低．与普通的四次Ｂ－样条曲线相比,这类 曲线更加方便灵活。     

Suppression of Smale horseshoe structure via secondary perturbations in pendulum systems

We analyse the use of parametric and quasiperiodic modulations in suppressing horseshoe structure in the phase plane of perturbed pendulum systems. Taking the Froude pendulum as a typical system, four different modulation mechanisms are studied by deriving analytic expressions for the window of the strength of modulation giving suppression in each case. A comparison of the four cases from the point of view of flexibility and efficiency is also given.     

同时测定合成样中铜钴镍钒含量的分光光度法--主成分回归法和偏最小二乘法比较

研究了主成分回归和偏最小二乘方法在多组分分光光度法分析中的应用,以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ（２〔５－溴－２－吡啶）－偶氮〕５－二乙氨基苯酚）为显色剂,ＯＰ（聚乙二醇辛基苯基醚）作为增溶增稳剂,在ｐＨ＝３．６的条件下,用主成分回归及偏最小二乘分光光度法同时测定了合成样中的铜、钴、镍、钒４组分含量,测定相对误差在－６．００％～４．００％之间。实验证明,对于加和性不好的体系偏最小二乘分光光度法要优于主成分回     

FTIR analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation engine oils

Synthetic turbine oils from military aircraft engines were analysed for antioxidant content and total acid number using infrared (IR) spectroscopy. Two-dimensional IR correlation analysis was employed to investigate and interpret observed trends in the spectra, as acid was formed and antioxidant species were depleted in the oils, as a function of aging and engine wear. Principal components and partial least squares algorithms were used and compared for the development of calibration and prediction models. Transmission IR spectrometry is demonstrated to be effective for the analysis and monitoring of synthetic aviation turbine engine oils and shown to provide rapid and accurate information as compared with traditional analytical techniques and methods.     

Comparison between different sheathless electrospray emitter configurations regarding the performance of nanoscale liquid chromatography-time-of-flight mass spectrometry analysis

Four different sheathless electrospray ionization (ESI) configurations were investigated for a nano liquid chromatography (LC) system. The studied configurations were: a column with an integrated emitter, with the ESI potential applied before or after the column, and a column with separate emitter, with the ESI voltage applied at a union before the emitter or at the emitter tip. The results indicates that the efficiency of the LC system is rather independent of the configuration when using 95 microm i.d. columns, acetic mobile phase and standard peptides as a sample. Introduction of post column dead volume seems not to be a critical issue at least with flow rates down to 600 nl/min.     

能量色散X射线散射结合主成分分析对液体易制毒化学品的探测与鉴别分类

采用能量色散X射线散射(EDXRS)技术探测了8种液体易制毒化学品的X射线散射光谱, 结果显示液体易制毒物质具有各自特征的EDXRS散射图谱. 将液体易制毒化学品的EDXRS散射信息与主成分分析结合, 发现前2个主成分可以表达X射线散射光谱的主要信息, 在PC1～PC2得分分布图上可将液体易制毒化学品进行分类. 研究结果表明, EDXRS光谱技术结合主成分分析法可以实现探测、 鉴别分类液体易制毒化学品, 为隐藏液体易制毒化学品的监管控制提供一个可行的鉴别方法.     

A method for assessing nanomaterial dispersion quality based on principal component analysis of particle size distribution data

Seemingly contradictory findings between studies are a major issue in nanoecotoxicological research and have been explained as a result of the lack of comparability between assay methods, with dispersion of nanomaterials being identified as a key factor. Here we show the use of a multivariate method, principal component analysis (PCA), as a tool in protocol development and categorization of dispersion quality. Results show the significance of particle concentration within a protocol, and its effect on repeatability. Our results suggest that future studies should involve the use of PCA as a powerful data exploration tool to facilitate method development, comparability and integration of data across different laboratories.