Essentiality and injectivity relative to sequential purity of acts

For a class ℳ of monomorphisms of a category, mathematicians consider different types of essentiality, depending on ℳ. In this paper, considering the category of acts over a semigroup, we first briefly study the class ℳ _p of a certain kind of pure monomorphisms, in a manner borrowed from V. Gould, to be called sequentially pure. Then, we study in detail three kinds of essentiality with respect to this class, and give some useful criteria to get (internal) characterizations (in terms of elements) for essentialities. Finally, the relations between injectivity, essentiality, retractness, and injective hulls, all with respect to the class of sequentially pure monomorphisms, are investigated. The second author is thankful to Iran National Science Foundation (INSF) for their financial support.     

Vacuum solutions in the Neveu-Schwarz field theory of a fermionic string and the zero-curvature representation in graded spaces

We demonstrate that vacuum solutions in the Neveu-Schwarz field theory of a fermionic string incorporating the GSO(−) sector are naturally related to the zero-curvature representation in a graded space of special form. We use the same representation to describe the equivalence of the cubic and nonpolynomial theories with the GSO(−) sector also taken into account. __________ Translated from Teoreticheskaya i Matematicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 159, No. 1, pp. 131–141, April, 2009.     

三能级混合态的量子几何相位

把三能级开放系统的密度矩阵按照Gellmann矩阵展开,然后将展开系数和Bloch球中的方位角对应, 从而获得了Poincaré球内部点和复三维Hilbert空间的非单位矢量即波函数的映射.进一步建议用该非单位矢量来定义混合态的量子几何相位.结果显示该几何相位仅仅与复Hilbert投影空间的几何结构有关, 与开放系统具体的演化路径无关;并且该混合态的几何相位依赖于开放系统的反转粒子数,也是描述开放系统混合度的单值光滑曲线,这个结果意味着混合态的演化的确按照几何相位保持其运动记忆.此外,在纯态的限制下,Berry相位是本文定义的几何相位极限情况.     

强流脉冲电子束诱发纯钛表面的微观结构及应力状态

利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)装置对金属纯钛进行轰击,采用X射线衍射,扫描电子显微镜及透射电子显微镜技术详细分析了轰击样品表层的结构和缺陷. X射线衍射分析表明, HCPEB能够在材料表层诱发幅值为 GPa量级的压应力,并在(100), (102)和(103)晶面出现择优取向.表层微观结构的观察表明: HCPEB轰击后材料表层发生了马氏体相变,形成了大量的片状马氏体组织; 此外, HCPEB轰击还在辐照表面诱发了强烈的塑性变形,一次轰击后,晶粒内部的塑性变形以(100)晶面的位错滑移为主,位错密度显著提高;多次轰击后,样品变形结构发生变化,变形孪晶的数量明显增多. 这些变形微结构不仅影响表层的织构演化行为,而且还能细化晶粒,进而提高材料表面硬度, 为HCPEB技术进行纯钛表面强化提供了一条有效的途径.     

等离子发射光谱法测定精铟中的痕量杂质元素

研究了等离子发射光谱法对精铟中9种杂质元素的连续测定。以HCl-HNO3溶解样品,讨论了分析谱线及溶液酸度的选择,并用等效浓度差减法消除了基体的影响。对仪器的功率和工作气体流量等分析条件进行了优化。结果表明,杂质元素的检出限为0.0005~0.0107mg/L,相关系数r≥0.9994,回收率为96.45%~103.13%,相对标准偏差不大于2.05%。     

高纯纳米氧化钛的制备及催化活性

以工业级硫酸钛为原料,在酸性环境下以EDTA作为络合剂,采用控制沉淀法制备高纯度纳米TiO2。考察了pH值、反应温度、煅烧温度等工艺条件对TiO2颗粒晶型、大小和分布影响。利用TEM、XRD、ICP等手段对产物进行表征,TiO2纯度超过99.9%,粒径为10-20nm,分布均匀。经过对其光催化降解苯酚反应活性实验,结果表明样品具有较好的光催化活性。     

Effects of Saignée and Bentonite Treatment on Phenolic Compounds of Marquette Red Wines

To improve the phenolic extraction and color stability of red wine made from cold-hardy grapes, two winemaking practices, saignée and bentonite, were applied separately and in combination on Marquette grapes at crushing. The effects of these winemaking strategies on Marquette wine’s basic chemical properties, monomeric and polymeric phenolic compounds were studied, as well as the development of color characteristics from crushing to 5 months of aging. The saignée (9% juice run-off) treatment showed little impact on the phenolic content of the finished wine, but showed an increase in color intensity. A hue shift towards an orange-yellow tone was observed in the bentonite-treated wines, which was associated with a loss of monomeric anthocyanins. The combination of saignée and bentonite showed less impact on removing anthocyanins and wine color, and increased phenolics content, therefore improving the extraction of non-anthocyanins monomeric phenolics. Although this combination treatment led to the highest concentration of tannin content after pressing, this difference between the control and other treatments disappeared over time. These results suggested that the interactions between tannins and other wine compounds still occur after removing proteins in Marquette wines.     

浊点萃取-高效液相色谱法测定草莓汁中的多种农药残留

建立了浊点萃取(CPE)对草莓汁中的7种农药(克百威、异丙威、甲霜灵、杀扑磷、敌草隆、烯酰吗啉和苯噻酰草胺)进行萃取富集,然后用高效液相色谱-紫外检测器进行检测分析的方法。所用的表面活性剂为非离子表面活性剂聚氧乙烯山梨糖醇酐单月桂酸酯(Tween-20),该表面活性剂在一定条件下能够对分析物进行提取与富集。实验确定了CPE方法的优化条件:Tween-20的浓度为3%(V/V)、硫酸钠和正丁醇的浓度分别为12%(W/V)和5%(V/V)、平衡温度为50℃以及平衡时间为40min;色谱条件:流动相为V(甲醇)∶V(水)=70∶30,流速为0.6mL/min,检测波长为215nm。在上述实验条件下,在草莓汁样品的平均加标回收率为80.5%～92.8%,检出限是0.9～2.1μg/kg。     

SPE-HPLC法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中四螨嗪等4种农药的残留量

建立固相萃取-反相高效液相色谱-双波长检测法同时测定浓缩苹果汁中除虫脲、灭幼脲、烯唑醇、四螨嗪4种农药的残留量。浓缩苹果汁样品用35%的乙醇稀释,ENVITM-18固相萃取柱浓缩净化,乙醇洗脱,分析时用C18色谱柱分离,以V(乙腈)∶V(水)=70∶30为流动相,选择250 nm和270 nm双波长检测。该方法在0.02~5 mg/L范围内4种农药的线性关系良好(r≥0.9999),最低检出限均为0.002 mg/kg(S/N=5),加标回收率为85.8%~108.5%,相对标准偏差1.8%~4.7%。