Ultra Sensitive Quantification of Thiourea at Nanomolar Level by Catalytic‐Kinetic Differential Pulse Voltammetry

A new simple and highly selective and sensitive catalytic differential pulse voltammetry procedure for the determination of thiourea at nanomolar level is reported. Thiourea has a catalytic effect on the oxidation of Janus green by iodate in the hydrochloric acid medium. The potential was scanned in the negative direction and the differential pulse voltammograms were recorded. The variations of the peak current with hydrochloric acid concentration, oxidant, Janus green, pulse amplitude, pulse time and scan rate were optimized. Under the optimized conditions, the relationship between the peak current and concentration of thiourea was obtained. It is shown that the calibration curve is linear in the range of 0.01–6.00 µg/mL. The detection limit of the method was 0.005 µg/mL. The relative standard deviation for 6 replicate determinations of 0.01, 0.50 and 2.00 µg/mL is equal to 2.25%, 1.52% and 1.03%, respectively. The method was applied to the determination of thiourea in fruit juices with satisfactory results.     

Determination of organic acid impurities in lactic acid obtained by fermentation of sugarcane juice

Lactic acid produced by fermentation process mostly contains a number of aliphatic carboxylic acids as impurities. In this work, carboxylic acid impurities in lactic acid samples from a number of sources were determined at ppm levels. A simple HPLC method was developed that utilized a new generation polar embedded reverse phase, 20mM phosphate buffer at pH 2.20 (±0.05) and UV detection at 210 nm. The method enabled quantitative analysis of the above acids in lactic acid matrix. The experimental conditions for column temperature, mobile phase pH and flow rate were optimized. A detailed validation of the method was performed for linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantitation (LOQ), ruggedness and repeatability and reproducibility (R&R).     

Modified Bridgman anvils for high pressure synthesis and neutron scattering

ABSTRACT

A simple modified Bridgman design for large volume pressure anvils usable in the Paris-Edinburgh (PE) press has been demonstrated at Oak Ridge National Laboratory Spallation Neutron Source. The design shows advantages over the toroidal anvils typically used in the PE press, mainly rapid compression/decompression rates, complete absence of blow-outs upon drastic phase transitions, simplified cooling, high reliability, and relative low loads (～40 tons) corresponding to relatively high pressures (～20?GPa). It also shows advantages over existing large-volume diamond cells as sample volumes of ～2–3?mm³ can be easily and rapidly synthesized. The anvils thus allow sample sizes sufficient for in situ neutron diffraction as well as rapid synthesis of adequate amounts of new materials for ex situ analysis via total neutron scattering and neutron spectroscopy.     

Some decidable classes of formulas of pure hybrid logic

We consider the formulas of pure hybrid logic without occurrences of a satisfaction operator. We describe a couple of formula derivation tactics in sequent calculus and prove the decidability of two classes of formulas. Decidable classes are obtained by setting restrictions on nominal occurrences in the formulas. Published in Lietuvos Matematikos Rinkinys, Vol. 44, No. 4, pp. 563–572, October–December, 2007.     

An experimental study on the ratcheting behavior of pure aluminium under uniaxial cyclic stressing

An experimental study was carried out for the cyclic properties of pure aluminium subjected to uniaxial cyclic straining and stressing. For a material of pure aluminium the effects of the cyclic strain amplitude history and mean strain on the cyclic deformation behavior were investigated, and the influences of stress amplitude, mean stress and their histories on cyclic creep (i. e., ratcheting) were analyzed. It is shown that either uniaxial cyclic property under cyclic straining or ratcheting behavior under asymmetric uniaxial loading depends not only on the current loading, but also on the previous loading history. Some significant results were obtained.Financial support from NFSC is acknowledged.     

Prequantum Classical Statistical Field Theory: Complex Representation, Hamilton-Schrödinger Equation, and Interpretation of Stationary States

We develop a prequantum classical statistical model in that the role of hidden variables is played by classical (vector) fields. We call this model Prequantum Classical Statistical Field Theory (PCSFT). The correspondence between classical and quantum quantities is asymptotic, so we call our approach asymptotic dequantization. We construct the complex representation of PCSFT. In particular, the conventional Schrödinger equation is obtained as the complex representation of the system of Hamilton equations on the infinite-dimensional phase space. In this note we pay the main attention to interpretation of so called pure quantum states (wave functions) in PCSFT, especially stationary states. We show, see Theorem 2, that pure states of QM can be considered as labels for Gaussian measures concentrated on one dimensional complex subspaces of phase space that are invariant with respect to the Schrödinger dynamics. “A quantum system in a stationary state ψ” in PCSFT is nothing else than a Gaussian ensemble of classical fields (fluctuations of the vacuum field of a very small magnitude) which is not changed in the process of Schrödinger's evolution. We interpret in this way the problem of stability of hydrogen atom. One of unexpected consequences of PCSFT is the infinite dimension of physical space on the prequantum scale.     

A Network Algorithm for Realizing Constructivelythe Farkas Lemma Arising from the Quasi-Generalized Network

1.IntroductionLetRIbethespaceofallrealvectorsindexedbyelementsofafiniteseti,icachosenelemelltofi,SandS*apairofcompletelyorthogonalsubspacesofRI.Foragivenpartition(PI,P2,P3,P4)ofI--{ic}(i.e.PIuPZuP3uP4=I--{eo},andPinPj=acfori/j),letF={axled6S,Ax'.>0,Ax.20fore6PI,Ax.50foreEP2,Ax.~0foreEP3},F*={dyIAyES*,ac.>0,ace30foreEPI,ac50foreEP2,ac.~0foreEP4}.Now,theFarkasLemmacanbegenerallydescribedas[1]:oneandonlyoneofthefollowingtwostatemelltsholds:(i)ThereexistsaaxEF.(n)Thereexistsaac…     

Determination of bile acids and lysolecithin in artificial and natural gastric juice by HPLC for characterization of antacida

Work-up procedures and HPLC separation systems for determination of taurocholic, glycocholic, chenodeoxycholic, and cholic acids and lysolecithin in artificial and natural gastric juice are described. These compounds are used for testing the binding capacity of antacida to the individual analytes. Work-up is simple, no extraction or filtration being required. The optimized combinations of stationary and mobile phases allow selective and sensitive determination of the respective bile acids in gastric juice. For optimization, the capacity factors of two related bile acids were evaluated for numerous commercial stationary phases. The mechanism of retention is different for free and conjugated bile acids. Special aspects of routine analysis are discussed.     

强流脉冲电子束作用下纯镍表层中织构及结构缺陷的演化行为

利用强流脉冲电子束(HCPEB)装置对金属纯Ni进行轰击,采用X射线衍射及透射电子显微镜(TEM)技术详细分析了受轰击样品的变形结构和缺陷。X射线衍射分析表明,经强流脉冲电子束处理后,在{111}和{200}晶面出现了择优取向。TEM表层微观结构分析表明:强流脉冲电子束轰击1次和5次后,晶粒内部形成了大量的(111)[112]型波状条带结构,在波状条带内部包含大量平行的(200)[110]型微条带;10次轰击后,样品变形结构发生变化,除大量的条带状结构外,变形孪晶的数量明显增多。这些变形微结构不仅影响表层的织构演化行为,而且还能细化晶粒,强流脉冲电子束技术为制备表面纳米材料提供了一条有效的途径。