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71.
While in previous models of pre-play communication players are forced to communicate, we investigate what happens if players can choose not to participate in this cheap talk. Outcomes are predicted by analyzing evolutionary stability in a population of a priori identical players. If the game following the communication rewards players who choose the same action then an efficient outcome is only guaranteed when participation in the pre-play communication is voluntary. If however players aim to coordinate on choosing different actions in the underlying game and there are sufficiently many messages then the highest payoff is selected when players are forced to talk to each other before playing the game.
Received: September 2000/Revised: March 2003 相似文献
72.
MA Aiqun 《Chinese Journal of Lasers》1994,3(2):105-115
High-ordersqueezingofpuresuperpositionstatesMAAiqun(HarbinCollege,Harbin,150020,China)ZHANGYanxun(DepartmentofPhysics,HarbinN... 相似文献
73.
A reference solutions for phase change involving convection in the melt is currently missing. In the present study, we focus on the problem of melting of pure tin in a square cavity heated from the side, which is used as a benchmark test problem. The mathematical model used for the simulations is based on the enthalpy formulation. Extensive numerical computations are performed with grids as fine as 800 × 800. The convergence of the numerical solution is demonstrated and its level assessed. Data values and plots are provided for use as a reference solution. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
74.
Among different novel technologies, sonochemistry is a sustainable emerging technology for food processing, preservation, and pesticide removal. The study aimed to probe the impact of high-intensity ultrasonication on chlorothalonil fungicide degradation, reduction pathway, and bioactive availability of spinach juice. The chlorothalonil fungicide-immersed spinach juice was treated with sonication at 360 W, 480 W, and 600 W, 40 kHz, for 30 and 40 min at 30 ± 1 °C. The highest reduction of chlorothalonil fungicide residues was observed at 40 min sonication at 600 W. HPLC-MS (high-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy) analysis revealed the degradation pathway of chlorothalonil and the formation of m-phthalonitrile, 3-cyno-2,4,5,6-tetrachlorobenamide, 4-dichloroisophthalonitrile, trichloroisophtalonitrile, 4-hydoxychlorothalonil, and 2,3,4,6-tetrachlorochlorobenzonitrile as degradation products. High-intensity sonication treatments also significantly increased the bioavailability of phenolic, chlorophyll, and anthocyanins and the antioxidant activity of spinach juice. Our results proposed that sonication technology has excellent potential in degrading pesticides through free radical reactions formation and pyrolysis. Considering future perspectives, ultrasonication could be employed industrially to reduce pesticide residues from agricultural products and enhance the quality of spinach juice. 相似文献
75.
纯铝在单轴应力循环作用下棘轮行为的试验研究 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
对纯铝进行了单轴应变控制和应力控制下的系统循环试验。对纯铝应变循环下的循环应变幅值、应变幅值历史、平均应变对循环特性的影响进行了揭示,对纯铝在非对称应力循环下的应力幅值、平均应力及其历史对循环蠕变〈即棘轮〉的影响进行了分析,得到了纯铝单轴循环行为的一些有意义的结果。 相似文献
76.
I. Yu. Tsvelodub 《Journal of Applied Mechanics and Technical Physics》2006,47(6):899-904
An infinite elastic isotropic plate with an elliptical, physically nonlinear inclusion loaded at infinity by uniformly distributed
moments is considered. Surface loads are absent. The problem of the stress-strain state of the plate is solved in a closed
form. It is shown that, for reasonably general stress-strain relations for the inclusion, the bending-moment field (and the
corresponding curvatures) in the inclusion is homogeneous.
__________
Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 152–157, November–December, 2006. 相似文献
77.
利用铝+氮或钛+氮离子束辅助沉积改善纯铁摩擦学性能的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
离子束辅助沉积是近几年发展起来的一种将离子注入与薄膜沉积融为一体的材料表面改性新技术。利用Al+N+或Ti+N+离子束辅助沉积对工业纯铁进行了表面改性处理,并且就其摩擦学性能与未经表面改性处理之纯铁试样的作了对比试验研究,同时还利用俄歇电子能谱仪、掠角X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等分析测试手段对离子束改性层的成分深度分布和微观组织结构,以及磨痕的表面形貌和元素面分布进行了分析。结果表明,Al+N+或Ti+N+离子束辅助沉积可以在纯铁表面形成Fe4N、Fe3Al或Fe2N、Fe2Ti等强化相,因而使材料的表层显微硬度分别提高了21.5%和58.4%,稳态摩擦下的摩擦系数分别降低约80%和83%,平均磨损量分别降低约71%和86%;磨损形式主要由纯铁严重的粘着磨损转化为轻微的氧化磨损。 相似文献
78.
Combination of hollow‐fiber‐supported liquid membrane and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction as a fast and sensitive technique for the extraction of pesticides from grape juice followed by high‐performance liquid chromatography
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Vanessa Dutra Silva Vanessa Simão Adriana Neves Dias Jeferson Schneider Carletto Eduardo Carasek 《Journal of separation science》2015,38(11):1959-1968
The simultaneous use of a hollow‐fiber‐supported liquid membrane and dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction for the determination of pesticides directly in grape juice was investigated. The detection and quantification were performed by liquid chromatography with diode array detection. The optimum extraction condition was reached by filling the pores of the membrane wall with dodecanol and using hexane/acetone as extraction/dispersion solvents. Salt addition had a highly negative effect on the extraction efficiency and the optimum extraction time was 60 min. The volume of hexane/acetone mixture and the sample pH did not affect the signal at the levels studied. Therefore, an intermediate amount of these solvents (250 μL; 1:7.5 v/v) and pH 6 were selected. The optimum desorption condition was obtained with acetonitrile and 10 min of desorption time. The linear working range varied from 58 to 500 μg/L (parathion‐methyl), 62–500 μg/L (difenoconazole) and 107–500 μg/L (chlorpyrifos), with correlation coefficients ranging from 0.9980–0.9942. The limits of detection and quantification found were, respectively, 17 and 58 μg/L for parathion‐methyl, 19 and 62 μg/L for difenoconazole and 32 and 107 μg/L for chlorpyrifos. The relative standard deviation ranged between 3.5 and 11.2%. 相似文献
79.
Liang Yanyu 《大学化学》2015,30(1):82-88
以纯液体蒸气压和亨利系数为出发点,讨论了二组分气液相图存在共沸点的充分条件。结合纯液体蒸气压和亨利系数的物理意义,对共沸点存在的条件进行了说明。 相似文献
80.
《Electroanalysis》2017,29(7):1700-1711
A selective method based on derivatization with 2,4‐dinitrophenylhydrazine (DNPH) is described for the determination of several carbonyl compounds. The factors affecting the derivatization reaction of aldehyde and DNPH were investigated. The product of the derivatization reaction has been characterized by UV/Vis spectrophotometry, NMR, infrared spectroscopy and cyclic voltammetry. Then, an electrochemical study for the determination of aldehyde‐2.4‐dinitrophenylhydrazone was performed at glassy carbon electrode (GCE) using square wave voltammetry (SWV). After the optimization of experimental parameters, the limits of detection (at 3σ ) obtained for all aldehyde‐2,4‐DNPH were varied from 15.82 to 78.39 μmol L−1 and relative standard deviations were between 1.8 and 4.5%. Finally, the proposed method was applied to determine the aldehydes concentration in drinking water and orange juice samples with satisfactory results. 相似文献