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111.
We present the results of experimental determination of the coefficients of laser radiation reflection (1 10.6 m and 2 1.06 m) from dielectric targets of complex chemical composition in vacuum with allowance for a regime of developed plasma formation. 相似文献
112.
Roman Luboradzki Janusz Lipowski Yurii A. Simonov Marina S. Fonari Edward V. Ganin Arkadii A. Yavolovskii 《Journal of inclusion phenomena and macrocyclic chemistry》2001,40(1-2):59-65
The X-ray crystal structures of two closely related molecular complexes of 15-crown-5 and benzo-15-crown-5 with 3,4-diamino-1,2,5-oxadiazole are reported (I and II). Both complexes are of 1:1 stoichiometry with the host–guest alternation in the infinitechains formed due to the unsymmetrical H-bonding patterns between the components. Crystals of I are monoclinic, P21/c, a = 7.856(3), b = 12.994(1), c = 16.033(1) , = 94.79(2)°, Z = 4, final R-factor is 0.0488. Crystals of II are orthorhombic, P212121, a = 8.260(4), b = 15.692(5),c = 13.955(7) , Z = 4, final R-factor is 0.0522. 相似文献
113.
Ajoy G Ramakrishna J Bahçeli S Klinowski J 《Solid state nuclear magnetic resonance》2000,16(4):63-338
We derive a complete analytical solution for the powder magic angle spinning (MAS) nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) lineshape in the presence of second-order quadrupole interaction, considering a radiofrequency (rf) pulse of finite width, a finite MAS frequency, and a non-zero asymmetry parameter. Ix is calculated using two approaches. The first applies time-dependent perturbation theory in the presence of the rf pulse and stationary perturbation theory (SPT) in its absence. The second is based on the Magnus expansion of the density matrix in the interaction representation during the pulse and SPT in its absence. We solve the problem in the laboratory frame using the properties of the Fourier transform and spin operators. Diagonalisation is not required. Both approaches agree well with each other under all conditions and also with the transition probability approach for the central transition. The Magnus expansion exists at all times and the effect of the non-secular terms is negligible. We describe an analytical method of averaging Ix over the Euler angles and simulate the 11B MAS NMR lineshapes for crystalline and vitreous B2O3. A critical analysis is given of all earlier calculations of the MAS NMR lineshape. 相似文献
114.
115.
116.
T. Saito T. Nakano H. Hoshizuki K. Sakai Y. Tatematsu S. Mitsudo I. Ogawa T. Idehara V. E. Zapevalov 《International Journal of Infrared and Millimeter Waves》2007,28(12):1063-1078
A 300 GHz CW gyrotron FU CW I has been developed and installed in the Research Center for Development of Far-Infrared Region,
University of Fukui as a power source of a high frequency material processing system. Its performance was tested and the maximum
power of 1.75 kW / CW has been attained at the beam voltage of 15 kV and the beam current of 1A. The maximum window power
efficiency of 15.5% has been obtained at the cathode voltage slightly lower than 15 kV. This gyrotron is designed to deliver
a Gaussian beam after mode conversion from the oscillation mode TE22,8 in the cavity with a complex of an internal radiator and beam shaping mirrors. The detailed measurement with an infrared
camera has confirmed that a Gaussian beam is radiated when the magnetic field strength B
c
at the cavity is adjusted at a proper value. However, within a range of B
c
, the output power is emerged into multiple directions, which suggests simultaneous oscillation of competing cavity modes. 相似文献
117.
This paper introduces a relative structural complexity measure for the characterization of disordered surfaces. Numerical solutions of 2d+1 KPZ equation and scanning force microscopy (SFM) patterns of porous silicon samples are analyzed using this methodology. The results and phenomenological interpretation indicate that the proposed measure is efficient for quantitatively characterize the structural complexity of disordered surfaces (and interfaces) observed and/or simulated in nano, micro and ordinary scales. 相似文献
118.
Rajesh Das 《Applied Surface Science》2007,253(14):6068-6073
Sn doped In2O3 films are deposited by rf-magnetron sputtering at 300 °C under Ar, Ar + O2 and Ar + H2 gas ambients. For the film prepared under argon ambient, electrical resistivity 6.5 × 10−4 Ω cm and 95% optical transmission in the visible region have been achieved optimizing the power and chamber pressure during the film deposition. X-ray diffraction spectra of the ITO film reveal (2 2 2) and (4 0 0) crystallographic planes of In2O3. With the introduction of 1.33% oxygen in argon, (2 2 2) peak of In2O3 decreases and resistivity increases for the deposited film. With further increase of oxygen in the sputtering gas mixture crystallinity in the film deteriorates and both the peaks disappeared. On the other hand, when 1.33% hydrogen is mixed with argon, the resistivity of the deposited film decreases to 5.5 × 10−4 Ω cm and the crystallinity remains almost unchanged. In case of reactive sputtering, the deposition rate is lower compared to that in case of non-reactive sputtering. HRTEM and first Fourier patterns show the highly crystalline structure of the samples deposited under Ar and Ar + H2 ambients. Crystallinity of the film becomes lower with the introduction of oxygen in argon but refractive index increases from 1.86 to 1.9. The surface morphology of the ITO films have been studied by high resolution scanning electron microscopy. 相似文献
119.
In this paper we consider a class of scalar integral equations with a form of space-dependent delay. These nonlocal models arise naturally when modelling neural tissue with active axons and passive dendrites. Such systems are known to support a dynamic (oscillatory) Turing instability of the homogeneous steady state. In this paper we develop a weakly nonlinear analysis of the travelling and standing waves that form beyond the point of instability. The appropriate amplitude equations are found to be the coupled mean-field Ginzburg-Landau equations describing a Turing-Hopf bifurcation with modulation group velocity of O(1). Importantly we are able to obtain the coefficients of terms in the amplitude equations in terms of integral transforms of the spatio-temporal kernels defining the neural field equation of interest. Indeed our results cover not only models with axonal or dendritic delays but also those which are described by a more general distribution of delayed spatio-temporal interactions. We illustrate the predictive power of this form of analysis with comparison against direct numerical simulations, paying particular attention to the competition between standing and travelling waves and the onset of Benjamin-Feir instabilities. 相似文献
120.
Ping Sun 《Optics Communications》2007,275(2):305-310
A fringe carrier method for separating out-of-plane displacement from in-plane components based on large image-shearing electronic speckle pattern interferometry (ESPI) is presented. If the test object is respectively illuminated by two expanded symmetric illuminations in large image-shearing ESPI, two interferometers are formed. Carrier fringe patterns can be introduced by tilting reference surface a small angle. The carrier fringe patterns are demodulated after deformation of the object. Two phase maps, which include out-of-plane and in-plane displacement, can be obtained by using Fourier transform. Then out-of-plane displacement can be easily separated from in-plane displacement by simple operation between two unwrapped phase distributions. The principle of spatial carrier frequency modulation in large image-shearing ESPI is discussed. A typical three-point-bending experiment is completed. Experimental results are offered. The results show that the method offers high visibility of carrier fringes. And the system presented does not need a special beam as a reference light and has simple optical setup. 相似文献