Cu2O-Catalyzed Conversion of Benzyl Alcohols Into Aromatic Nitriles via the Complete Cleavage of the C≡N Triple Bond in the Cyanide Anion

Nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an aldehyde is emerging as a promising method for the synthesis of aromatic nitriles. However, this method still suffers from a disadvantage that a use of stoichiometric Cu(II) or Cu(I) salts is required to enable the reaction. As we report herein, we overcame this drawback and developed a catalytic method for nitrogen transfer from cyanide anion to an alcohol via the complete cleavage of the C≡N triple bond using phen/Cu₂O as the catalyst. The present condition allowed a series of benzyl alcohols to be smoothly converted into aromatic nitriles in moderate to high yields. In addition, the present method could be extended to the conversion of cinnamic alcohol to 3-phenylacrylonitrile.     

New green process to increase the solubility of soil fertilizer based on Potassium Nitrate (KNO3)

Fertilization is the set of operations that consists of fertilizing the soil so that the plant finds all these mineral nutrition needs, among these nutrients is found potassium nitrate (KNO₃), as an important source of two elements which are nitrogen (N) and potassium (K). The need for potassium nitrate for plants will increase dramatically as its demand for nutrition growing up. However, the application of this potassium in fertilization is limited by a physicochemical parameter which is solubility. The availability of potassium and nitrogen in ionic form, which can be assimilated by the plant, is closely related to its solubility in irrigation water. Herein, we have chosen three experimental parameters such as the KNO₃ content, the magnetization time, and the type of water, to optimize the factors which have the maximum effect on KNO₃ solubility.We adopted a model from nine experiments performed with Minitab software, which informed us that the solubility of KNO₃ in irrigation water is strongly influenced by water type, magnetization time and KNO₃ content. The best conditions which allow the best solubility of potassium nitrate are 24% KNO₃, 30 ​min of water magnetization, and salt water (SW).     

Bis(4-benzhydryl-benzoxazol-2-yl)methane – from a Bulky NacNac Alternative to a Trianion in Alkali Metal Complexes

A novel sterically demanding bis(4-benzhydryl-benzoxazol-2-yl)methane ligand 6 (^4−BzhH2BoxCH₂) was gained in a straightforward six-step synthesis. Starting from this ligand monomeric [M(^4-BzhH2BoxCH)] (M=Na ( 7 ), K ( 8₁ )) and dimeric [{M(^4-BzhH2BoxCH)}₂] (M=K ( 8₂ ), Rb ( 9 ), Cs ( 10 )) alkali metal complexes were synthesised by deprotonation. Abstraction of the potassium ion of 8 by reaction with 18-crown-6 resulted in the solvent separated ion pair [{(THF)₂K@(18-crown-6)}{bis(4-benzhydryl-benzoxazol-2-yl)methanide}] ( 11 ), including the energetically favoured monoanionic (E,E)-(^4-BzhH2BoxCH) ligand. Further reaction of ^4−BzhH2BoxCH₂ with three equivalents KH and two equivalents 18-crown-6 yielded polymeric [{(THF)₂K@(18-crown-6)}{K@(18-crown-6)K(^4-BzhBoxCH)}]_n (n→∞) ( 12 ) containing a trianionic ligand. The neutral ligand and herein reported alkali complexes were characterised by single X-ray analyses identifying the latter as a promising precursor for low-valent main group complexes.     

磷酸钾缓冲溶液与模型细胞膜相互作用的和频光谱

利用和频光谱技术详细研究了磷酸钾缓冲溶液与带负电荷的生物仿生膜(d₅₄-DMPG磷脂双层膜)相互作用的实时过程．通过监控CD₂、CD₃、磷脂分子头部的磷酸根以及羰基官能团的光谱信号随加入磷酸钾缓冲溶液的实时变化,获得了磷脂双层膜分子结构的动力学变化．结果表明K⁺能够结合到细胞膜上,并且很快地引起了CD₂、CD₃、磷脂头部磷酸根以及羰基官能团信号的变化．根据各官能团的和频信号响应,磷酸钾缓冲溶液很可能是通过在双层膜中形成环形气孔来与磷脂双层膜发生作用．该结果可以很好地解释磷酸钾缓冲溶液环境下的离子协助蛋白质的跨膜过程．     

Facile Preparation of α‐Zirconium Phosphate/Polyaniline Hybrid Film for Detecting Potassium Ion in a Wide Linear Range

A novel α‐zirconium phosphate/polyaniline (α‐ZrP/PANI) hybrid film used as K⁺ ion sensor was fabricated on carbon paper by electrochemical method. Mechanisms of film formation and detection of K⁺ ions were also proposed. The exfoliated α‐ZrP was mixed with PANI and deposited on carbon paper. The resultant α‐ZrP/PANI film exhibited a good current response to K⁺ ion with different concentrations. It also showed a wide logarithmic linear response in detecting K⁺ ions in the ranges of 10^?8–10^?4 M and 10^?4–10^?2 M, respectively. The results can be attributed to the synergetic effect of α‐ZrP and PANI.     

Potassium phthalimide： An efficient and green organocatalyst for the synthesis of 4-aryl-7-（arylmethylene）-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H- cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2（5H）-ones]thiones under solvent-free conditions

An efficient synthesis of Biginelli-type compounds using potassium phthalimide as a green, mild, and commercially available organocatalyst in a one-pot, multi-component cyclocondensation reaction of cyclopentanone, aldehydes, and urea/thiourea is reported. The present methodology is a green approach to access 4-aryl-7-（aryImethylene）-3,4,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-cyclopenta[d]pyrimidin-2（5H）-ones/thiones. It offers several merits such as simple operational procedures, no use of hazardous organic solvents, and cheap and environmentally friendly solid basic catalyst.     

(英)硫酸氢钾高效催化一锅法合成5-未取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮

无溶剂条件下,硫酸氢钾可有效催化芳香醛、苯乙酮衍生物和脲的三组分"一锅法"Biginelli反应来合成5-未取代的3,4-二氢嘧啶-2(1H)-酮。确定了优化反应条件。产品结构经IR、1H NMR、MS和元素分析进行表征。     

Quick stabilization of capillary for rapid determination of potassium ions in the blood of epilepsy patients by capillary electrophoresis without sample pretreatment

Mutations in the potassium channel genes may be linked to the development of epilepsy and affect the blood potassium levels. Therefore, accurate determination of potassium in the blood will be critical to diagnose the cause of epilepsy. CE is a competent technique for the fast detection of multiple ions, but complicated matrices of a blood sample may cause significant variation of migration times and the peak shape. In this work, a procedure for rapid stabilization of the capillary inner surface through preflushing of a blood sample was employed. The process takes only 40 min for a capillary and then it can be used for more than 2 weeks. No pretreatment of the blood sample or other surface modification of the capillary is needed for the analysis. The RSDs of the migration time and peak area were reduced to 1.5 and 5.1% from 12.6 and 14.5%, respectively. The proposed method has been successfully applied to the determination of the potassium contents in the blood sample of patients with epilepsy at different stages. The recoveries of potassium ions in these blood samples are in a range from 86.5 to 104.5%.     

流动注射化学发光法测定青霉素G钾

在甲醛的存在下,酸性KMnO4与青霉素G钾能够产生很强的化学发光,从而建立了KMnO4-甲醛-青霉素G钾化学发光体系来测定青霉素G钾.青霉素G钾的测定线性范围为2.0×10-7～1.0×10-5 g/mL,方法的检出限为1.4×10-7 g/mL,对4.0×10-7 g/mL的青霉素G钾进行11次平行测定,相对标准偏差为1.0%,用此法测定青霉素G钾取得了较好的结果.     

氯化钾水溶液微观结构的分子动力学模拟研究

氯化钾水溶液不同于氯化钠的,其在低温下只能形成无水盐和冰.现有研究表明在氯化钠水溶液中不仅存在着水分子连续分布的区域与离子团簇,而且这二者的物质组成也与该溶液所形成晶体的分别对应.为了探寻其他溶液中是否存在此类对应关系,并考察溶液的微观结构,本文采用分子动力学方法对氯化钾水溶液进行了研究,表明了该溶液的一些性质.氯化钾水溶液中K⁺-K⁺和Cl^--Cl^-径向分布函数的特征具有一致性,峰的最大值所对应的位置都分别相同,明显不同于氯化钠水溶液的.系列时刻下瞬态图像内O到其最近离子距离中最大值的统计结果表明氯化钾水溶液中存在着一定大小的水分子连续分布的区域,其平均尺寸至少为2.26 nm;瞬态图像中K⁺与其最近邻Cl^-之间的距离主要分布在0.28 nm～0.38 nm之间,占比约为97.4%;溶液中存在着较大和较小两类离子团簇,较大团簇的平均尺寸为1.73nm,平均离子数是25.0,其内部的离子与周围离子之间具有与氯化钾晶体类似的结构;这些结果表明氯化钾水溶液中也...