Kinetics of thermoset cure and polymerization in the glass transition region

A theoretical approach to thermoset cure kinetics based on Arrhenius kinetics and mobility was developed by considering the activation of the reacting group and chain mobility as elementary steps for reaction. This extended kinetic equation was successfully applied to the curing of an epoxy by an amine, the trimerization of a cyanate, and to the polymerization of methyl methacrylate. Full agreement between theory and experimental data was obtained in all cases. The activation energies for chain mobility were exceptionally low (0.3–1 kJ/mol for bisphenol-A-based epoxy and cyanate) which indicates that the structural units must undergo only small-angle rotational oscillations to allow a reaction. A theoretical time–temperature–transformation (TTT) diagram is also presented. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Thermal analysis of vinyl siding

Vinyl siding is typically produced by co-extruding a capstock (surface layer) over a PVC substrate formulation. The capstock is often non-PVC, these systems can result in warpage during or after production. In our study we will show that this warpage can result from an interfacial induced stress related to the mismatch between the glass transition of the substrate and the capstock. Additionally, both TMA and TMDSC were used to probe the stress release. Capstock formulations which better match the glass transition of the PVC substrate result in superior performance.     

Thermal Oxidative Stability of Heat-Stabilised Polyamide 66 by Differential Scanning Calorimetry

The thermal stability of heat-stabilised polyamide 66 in an oxidative environment is evaluated by DSC. The oxidative stability of the polyamide decreases as a result of repeated injection moulding. The results also indicate that the presence of glass fibres in the polyamide has a negative influence on the oxidative stability. Both isothermal and dynamic DSC measurements seem to be useful tools for assessing the stability of polyamides and there is a relationship between data determined using both procedures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

快速响应的温敏性聚(N-异丙基丙烯酰胺)水凝胶 Ⅰ.以CaCO_3为成孔剂制备方法、表征及动力学研究

以不同粒径的CaCO3粒子为成孔剂 ,合成了快速响应的温敏性聚 (N 异丙基丙烯酰胺 ) (PNIPA)水凝胶 .利用扫描电镜观察到水凝胶具有特殊的孔状结构 ,得到水凝胶的孔径大小为几十微米左右 .动力学研究表明 ,该水凝胶在温敏膨胀或收缩时 ,具有快速的响应速率 ,在 10min内的失水率可达 90 % .比较了干凝胶和4 0℃下失水后的凝胶两种不同状态下水凝胶的膨胀曲线 ,发现两者的溶胀动力学曲线明显不同 ,前者的曲线有拐点 .同时发现与失水收缩速率相比 ,水凝胶具有较慢的吸水膨胀速率 .     

Copolymer of Di (methacryloyloxymethyl) naphthalene and divinylbenzene as a column packing for high-performance liquid chromatography

Summary A new porous polyaromatic ester packing was synthetized for high performance liquid chromatography. The relationship between retention and chain length of the members of homologous series of alkylbenzenes, N-alkylanilines, alkylarylethers, alkylbenzoates and alkylarylketones on this new stationary phase using different eluents was investigated. Using the alkylarylketone scale the retention indices of the homologues and test compounds were calculated. The results were compared with those obtained for poly (styrene-divinylbenzene) polymers. For both types of packing the first members of each homologous series gave non-linear behaviour. The methylene group index increments are different for the studied homologous series; thus there is no simple additivity of the retention indices. The efficiency of the porous polymeric columns is a function of the capacity factor of the solute and the organic component of the eluent.     

Optimum gas chromatographic conditions in wall-coated capillary columns. Extended and simplified forms of the Golay-equation

Band broadening in capillary columns is satisfactorily described by the Golay-equation extended to situations of appreciable pressure drop by Giddings. In practice, however, several simplifications are often made. The effect of these simplifications on the calculated values of the minimum plate height and optimum carrier gas velocity are treated systematically.     

Studies on the porous structure of di(methacryloyloxymethyl) naphthalene-divinylbenzene copolymers by inverse exclusion chromatography

Summary Using inverse exclusion chromatography the porous structure of the copolymers of di(methacryloyloxymethyl)naphthalenes and divinylbenzene was investigated.In order to determine the pore size distributions of the copolymers, toluene, alkylphenones, phthalates and polystyrene standards were used as the probes.The measurements proved that the existence of micropores depend on the method of copolymerization. The copolymers obtained by suspension and emulsion methods are more or less microporous, but the copolymer prepared by thermal polymerization in mass does not include micropores in its internal structure.     

用两种方法合成长余辉发光玻璃的对比研究

在还原性气氛下高温固相反应法（一步法）合成了长余辉发光玻璃GA；用SrAl2O4:Eu,Dy荧光粉（SAED）与玻璃粉混合高温熔融（二步法）合成了长余辉发光玻璃GB和GC，通过XRD，发光光谱和磷光衰减曲线对样品进行了表征，荧光粉SAED和玻璃GA，GB，GC的发射峰值依次是525，493。462，516nm，发光强度和余辉时间都是SAED＞GC＞GB＞GA，玻璃的发射光谱峰随玻璃组成不同发生位移，两种发生合成的夜光玻璃发光性质存在明显的差异，同一合成方法下，玻璃基料决定着玻璃网络结构，同时也影响着夜光玻璃的发光性质。     

Structure of Sol-Gel-Derived Sodium Dititanate Glass

The sodium dititanate, Na₂O·2TiO₂ glass was prepared by the sol-gel method. The structure of the glass, especially local environment of Ti⁴⁺ ions was examined using X-ray diffraction and X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) analyses, and was compared with that of the melt-derived glass with the same composition. It was found that Ti⁴⁺ ions are rather in five-fold coordination state, forming TiO₅ pyramids with one doubly bonded Ti=O in the gel-glass, while they were in lower coordination state or four-fold coordination in the melt-derived glass.