Microstructure and fracture characteristic of Mg–Al–Zn–Si3N4 composites

Magnesium matrix composites reinforced by three dimensional (3-D) network structure were fabricated by pressure-less infiltration technology. The 3-D network structure reinforcement and its composites exhibited special topology structure and different fracture characteristic. Metal matrix fractured in a ductile mode is manifested by small dimples and craters on the fracture surface. When the volume fraction of reinforcement is not in excess of 6%, the composite had an improved fracture toughness. This is because of the relatively homogeneous Si₃N₄ particles distributed in the metal matrix and the occurrence of interface reaction product such as MgAlO₂ spinel phase. With the increases of volume fraction of reinforcement (>6%), the fracture toughness decreases slowly at the initial stages and then decreases rapidly towards the end. Therefore, the main fracture failure mechanisms consist of crack nucleation, growth, coalescence and crack propagation.     

双向固定网格渐进结构优化方法

近年来发展的渐进结构优化方法是一种有前途的结构拓扑和形状优化方法.本文在渐进结构优化方法的框架内建立了统一敏感度的概念,并基于固定网格有限元技术,发展了一种新的增加材料技术,提出了双向固定网格渐进结构优化方法.将该方法应用于复合材料壳结构开孔形状优化,以孔周等Tsai-Hill强度值作为优化目标,可以得到合理的最优解,证明了双向固定网格渐进结构优化方法的适用性.不同的初始点能得到几乎相同的最优解,展示了本文方法良好的全局最优性.     

复合材料Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性GIC和初始裂纹长度

从经典梁理论和弹性基础上的正交各向异性梁理论出发，分析了梁的弯曲剪切效应和弹性基础对用双悬臂梁试件测得的复合材料层合板Ⅰ型层间断裂韧性Ｇ＿（ＩＣ）的影响，发现当试件的初始裂纹长度较短时，剪切效应和弹性基础对Ｇ＿（ＩＣ）的影响是显著的，建议将初始裂纹长度取５０毫米。实验结果表明，初始裂纹长度由２０毫米增加到５０毫米时，测得的Ｇ＿（ＩＣ）值的离散系数降低２０％～４０％，数据趋于稳定，分散性减小。     

Nonlinear composites: a linearization procedure,exact to second-order in contrast and for which the strain-energy and affine formulations coincideComposites non linéaires : un schéma exact au second ordre pour lequel la formulation en énergie de déformation coı̈ncide avec la formulation affine

This Note presents a new approximate scheme for nonlinear composites. The approximation which is made preserves certain features of the original second-order scheme of Ponte Castañeda, exactness to second-order in the contrast and existence of an effective energy, but improves on one drawback, which is the gap between the strain-energy formulation and the affine formulation. A numerical example shows the accuracy of the present method. To cite this article: N. Lahellec, P. Suquet, C. R. Mecanique 332 (2004).     

涂层球粒复合材料热弹性的特定性质

在所提出的基体均匀场概念的基础上，导出了涂层球粒增强复合材料等效热弹性性质的精确关系     

张量多项式强度准则相互作用系数实验确定方法

本文对用双向应力实验确定复合材料强度的张量多项式准则相互作用系数进行了理论分析,提出用两个方向单向强度的比值作为双向加载的应力比最为合适,这时双向强度实验引起的误差对相互作用系数 F_(12)影响最小.     

On collinear microcrack–inclusion arrays interaction and related problems

Investigated is a crack problem for an array of collinear microcracks in composite matrix. Inclusions are situated in between the neighbouring microcracks tips and exhibit different elastic properties than matrix. The problem is solved using the technique of distributed dislocations. A developed approximate fundamental solution for a single dislocation lying in a general point between inclusions is employed in the distribution of continuously distributed dislocation to cracks modelling. Stress intensity factor is calculated for various cracks/inclusions geometries and elastic moduli mismatches. Stability and/or instability of the straight microcrack paths is investigated for slowly growing microcracks with inclusions located in between the neighbouring microcracks tips. Applications to periodic microcrack tunnelling and microcracks weakening ahead of the main crack are discussed.     

Crack bridging and trapping mechanisms used to toughen brittle matrix composite

Two basic mechanisms of toughening brittle solids are presented. They involve crack-tip shielding from crack deformation and/or crack bridging by introducing ductile particles in the crack wake region. The crack opening displacement is realized from the constant volume plastic flow of the particles according to the model in [J. Dominguez, C.A. Brebbia, (Eds.), Proceedings of Computational Methods in Contact Mechanics V, WIT Press, Boston, 2001, p. 87; A.T. Yokobori, R.O. Ritchie, K. Ravi-Chandar, B.L. Karihaloo, (Eds.), Proceedings of ICF10, Elsevier, Oxford, 2001, p. 348]. The second mechanism involves arresting the crack ductile phase such that it can only renucleate on the other side. As a result of trapping the crack, the material is toughened intrinsically. Energy considerations are made to estimate the extent of particle/matrix debonding. A perturbation analysis [A.T. Yokobori, R.O. Ritchie, K. Ravi-Chandar, B.L. Karihaloo, (Eds.), Proceedings of ICF10, Elsevier, Oxford, 2001, p. 348] is used to account for the configuration of the front of a planar crack trapped by a periodic array of closely spaced bridges. Debonding of the particle/matrix interface controls is associated with the two aforementioned mechanisms. Comparison of analytical results with some experimental observations is provided.     

STUDY ON TENSILE FAILURE MECHANISM AND HYBRID EFFECT OF INTRAPLY HYBRID COMPOSITES

The random critical-core model is adapted to investigate the tensile failure mech-anism and hybrid effect of unidirectionally arrayed hybrid composites with alternating low andhigh elongation fibers.By utilizing the model in conjunction with the results of the stress con-centration analysis in which the interfacial damage between fiber and matrix is considered,amicroscopic statistical analysis of both the first failure and ultimate failure of hybrids is per-formed.The variations of the first failure strain,the ultimate failure strain and the hybrid effectas the interfacial shear strength are obtained quantitatively.The concept of the hybrid effect forstrains has been clarified.The present results are compared with available experiment data anda reasonable agreement is found between the analytical predictions and the experimental results.     

碳布叠层/碳复合材料动态压缩性能测试研究

利用带有波形整形器的Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar(SHPB)技术测试了碳布叠层/碳复合材料在应变率为500、1 500 s-1时的动态压缩性能。研究结果表明:利用轧制紫铜作为整形器材料不仅可以有效地实现对碳布叠层/碳复合材料的常应变率压缩加载，而且有助于改善试样两端的应力平衡，从而保证测试数据的可靠性；此外，与准静态压缩相比较，在动态压缩载荷下，碳布叠层/碳复合材料的压缩强度有较强的应变率效应，且复合材料压缩强度的动态增加函数可以用Cowper-Symonds幂函数的形式来表示。