遮挡情况下目标跟踪算法综述

目标跟踪是机器视觉的核心问题之一。由于被跟踪目标本身特征的多样性,所处环境的复杂性,使得目标跟踪成为一个极富挑战性的课题。特别是跟踪过程中出现的遮挡问题,一直是目标跟踪中的难点。如何有效处理遮挡,尤其是严重遮挡和全部遮挡,成为限制目标跟踪算法鲁棒性的关键因素。本文对国内外现有的遮挡情况下的目标跟踪算法进行了总结和分类,阐述了各种算法的基本思想,简要介绍了其代表性的算法,指出了算法的适用场合,分析了算法的优缺点。文章最后对遮挡情况下的目标跟踪做了必要的讨论。     

一种非正交对称条带束流位置监测器设计

介绍了一种条带束流位置监测器（BPM）的设计与仿真方法。在国家同步辐射实验室“太赫兹近场高通量材料物性测试系统”工程项目中,针对波荡器出口处真空室非正交对称性的问题,设计了矩形真空室和跑道形真空室下的两种非正交对称性条带BPM,并与传统的圆形真空室下条带BPM进行对比。基于边界元法,利用MATLAB软件分别对三种真空室下的条带BPM进行建模和仿真。仿真结果表明：相对于传统的圆形真空室下条带BPM,矩形和跑道形真空室下条带BPM灵敏度提高了30%,阻抗匹配误差相对降低了20%,束流位置拟合误差降低了80%。考虑加工精度,矩形真空室下的条带BPM更适用于该工程。     

Accurate Design of Finline Tapers for Millimeter Wave Applications

The design of nonuniform bilateral finlines on anisotropic substrates for millimeter wave applications is presented. The taper consists of a planar circuit with smooth variation of the slot width profile along the structure. The spectral domain method and Galerkin procedure are combined with the transmission line theory for studying the behavior of tapered bilateral finlines and evaluation of their design parameters. The influence of the substrate anisotropy on the propagation characteristics of these structures is also examined. This technique is general and can be applied to investigate a broad class of planar transmission line tapers.     

Numerical Simulation of a CT-Scanned Counter-Current Flow Experiment

Counter-current flow occurs in many reservoir processes and it is important to understand and model these processes in order to operate them effectively. Both drainage and imbibition processes exist simultaneously during counter-current flow. It has thus proven difficult to model this type of flow using conventional techniques because of the impossibility of assigning a single capillary pressure curve applicable over the entire sample. In the current paper, a new saturation-history-dependent approach has been developed to simulate a counter-current flow experiment done with an X-ray CT scanner. Hysteresis in both capillary pressure and relative permeabilities is considered during simulation. Capillary hysteresis loop and relative permeabilities are extracted through history matching and a family of scanning curves is constructed connecting the two branches of the capillary hysteresis loop. Each gridblock of the sample is assigned a different scanning curve according to the local saturation history. History-dependent modeling of the experiment reproduced two-dimensional saturation distributions over time with good accuracy, which cannot be obtained with traditional simulation using only one capillary pressure curve.     

Convection laminaire forcée dans le sillage d'une plaque chaude placée dans un canal

In this Note, a numerical investigation of laminar convection wake above a heated plate placed in a channel is carried out. An analytical study based on a three region structure is proposed in the immediate neighbourhood of the trailing edge. Velocity and temperature at the centerline channel as well as the pressure gradient are presented in asymptotic expressions. Comparison of these results with numerical solutions enhances the analytical study. To cite this article: Z. Doulfoukar, A. Achiq, C. R. Mecanique 333 (2005).     

有限元计算中疏密网格过渡方法研究

工程计算中出于节省计算量的目的,往往需要在一个有限元模型中布置粗细不同的网格。为保证计算结果的准确性,必须保证网格突变情况下的位移协调问题。本文工作之一是在强天驰界面过渡单元的基础上,引入虚拟节点和子单元,在子单元中应用节理元思想,提出了基于最小势能原理的弹簧节理单元法。简化了积分运算,避免了精度要求极高的坐标转换,从而提高了方法的精度和实用性;二是提出了基于位移约束的主从自由度法,简便实用,只需简单的矩阵运算即可实现。两种方法均实现了不同尺寸网格间位移的协调性和刚度的匹配,从而使之满足有限元收敛准则,且生成的刚度阵具有对称性及带状性。算例证明两种方法精度良好,并可方便地应用于求解大规模工程问题。     

Stability of theoretical model for catastrophic weather prediction

Stability related to theoretical model for catastrophic weather prediction, which includes non-hydrostatic perfect elastic model and anelastic model, is discussed and analyzed in detail. It is proved that non-hydrostatic perfect elastic equations set is stable in the class of infinitely differentiable function. However, for the anelastic equations set, its continuity equation is changed in form because of the particular hypothesis for fluid, so "the matching consisting of both viscosity coefficient and incompressible assumption" appears, thereby the most important equations set of this class in practical prediction shows the same instability in topological property as Navier-Stokes equation, which should be avoided first in practical numerical prediction. In light of this, the referenced suggestions to amend the applied model are finally presented.     

基于电子海图显示信息系统的惯性/地磁组合导航

为实现惯导系统长时间高精度导航,以性能优良的电子海图显示信息系统为开发背景,对地磁匹配辅助惯性导航系统进行了设计和仿真实验。在原有电子海图显示信息系统的基础上开发了数据采集模块、地磁数据库模块、惯导/地磁匹配模块、惯导误差估计模块等功能软件,并对各功能模块进行了深入分析。仿真试验结果证明,基于电子海图显示信息系统的惯性/地磁组合导航达到了校正惯性导航系统,实现高精度导航的目的。     

大陀螺零偏条件下的快速传递对准算法

针对某些某些微机械陀螺零偏重复性差的特点,提出了滤波反馈修正和陀螺零偏粗对准预处理两种方法,使“速度＋姿态”快速传递对准算法在大陀螺零偏条件下能够不损失估计精度。在简要介绍“速度＋姿态”．决速传递对准算法数学模型的基础上,探讨了大陀螺零偏导致的惯导系统非线性误差。为减小上述非线性误差的影响,提出用每一步滤波估计值修正子掼导状态的反馈修正方法,和在进行卡尔曼滤波前直接测量比较主、子惯导陀螺输出的陀螺零偏粗对准预处理方法。仿真结果表明,采用上述两种方法,快速传递对准算法可在陀螺零偏过大的情况下保持算法的有效性和估计精度。     

AUV组合导航系统信息匹配的可观测度

针对自主水下潜器（AUV）导航的特点和需求,设计了一种捷联惯导／多普勒／磁罗经／地形匹配组合导航系统（SINS／DVL／MCP／TAN）,同时对AUV组合导航的两种信息匹配方式进行了基于动态系统奇异值分解的可观测度研究以评估该组合导航的Kalman滤波的估计能力。可观测度研究结果说明该组合导航能显著提高AUV的航向角误差和位置误差的可观测度,从而可以提高AUV的航向和位置精度。Kalman滤波的仿真结果验证了该结论的正确性,表明了该细合导航系统的Kalman滤波的估计能力强,能够得到较高精度的位置、速度和姿态信息,可以满足AUV长时间远距离导航的需要。