组合式片状激光放大器钕玻璃片参数的优化设计

 运用随时间变化的氙灯辐射光谱模型,建立了组合式钕玻璃片状激光放大器动态增益特性的模拟程序,实现了从氙灯放电到引出激光的全过程动态模拟。研究了钕玻璃片的两个重要参数厚度和掺杂浓度对增益性能的影响。在相同的泵浦强度下,储能通量由片厚度与掺杂浓度的乘积N₀D决定,在N₀D相同时得到相同的小信号增益。当N₀D比较小时,N₀D增加1倍时储能通量增加1.25倍,相应的单片放大器增益提高5.5%,对于7片长的放大器链,总的小信号增益将提高45%;当N₀D比较大时,储能通量趋于饱和。     

具有纳米级分辨率的超精密定位工作台

柔性铰链精密定位工作台具有直接传动、无摩擦、结构紧凑、重量轻、刚度好及分辨率高等优点。设计了一种具有较大传动比的定位工作台 ,介绍了其系统结构和工作原理 ,并对刚度性能作了分析。利用双频激光干涉仪对压电陶瓷驱动下的工作台特性进行了测量。结果表明 ,该工作台具有纳米级的分辨率和定位精度。     

Mineral formation on dentin induced by nano-bioactive glass

The object of this study was to evaluate the effect of bioactive glass (BG) size on mineral formation on dentin surfaces. Totally demineralized dentin discs were treated using BG suspensions with different particle sizes:i.e., microscale bioactive glass (m-BG), submicroscale bioactive glass (sm-BG) and nanoscale bioactive glass (n-BG). Field-emission scanning electron microscopy and 3D profile measurement laser microscopy were used to observe the surface morphology and roughness. It was found that all BG particles could promoted mineral formation on dentin surfaces, while plug-like depositions were observed on the dentin discs treated by n-BG and they were more acid-resistant. The present results may imply that n-BG has potential clinical application for dentin hypersensitivity treatment.     

Effect of chain structure on the glass transition temperature and viscoelastic property of cis‐1,4‐polybutadiene via molecular simulation

In this work, by adopting the united atom model of cis‐1,4‐poly(butadiene) (PB), we systemically investigate the effect of the chain structure on the glass transition temperature (T_g) and the viscoelastic property of PB system. First, we analyze the atom translational mobility, bond reorientation dynamics, torsional dynamics, conformational transition rate, and dynamic heterogeneity of the PB chains with different chain structures in detail by determining the corresponding T_g. In addition, our results clearly indicate that with the decrease of the amount of the free end atoms of PB via the end‐linking method, the mobility of the PB chains quickly decreases. As a result, the T_g of the PB chains gradually increases. Depending on the chain structure and the calculation method, the T_g of the PB chains varies from 154 to 240 K. In addition, the temperature dependence of the dynamic properties has different Arrhenius behaviors above and below T_g. The calculated activation energy varies from 7.37 to 16.37 KJ/mol for different chain structures above T_g, which can be compared with those for other polymers. In addition, through the end‐linking approach the strong interaction between the PB chains improves the storage modulus G′ and the loss modulus . Meanwhile, the immobility of the free end atoms effectively reduces the friction loss of the chains under the shear field, which is reflected by the low loss factor . In summary, this work can further help to understand the effect of the chain structure on the dynamic properties of the PB chains. Meanwhile, it provides an effective approach to reduce the energy loss during the dynamic periodic deformation, which can cut the fuel consumption via the end‐linking method. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part B: Polym. Phys. 2017 , 55, 1005–1016     

Tm3+ ,Yb3+共掺微晶玻璃蓝色上转换荧光的温度特性

制备了Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺共掺氟氧化物微晶玻璃, 在980 nm二极管激光器泵浦下研究了其上转换发光。发现将前驱玻璃进行热处理后,源于Tm³⁺的¹G₄能级到基态³H₆跃迁所产生的蓝色上转换荧光在463 nm和476 nm出现明显劈裂。在此基础上分析了该劈裂蓝色上转换荧光在303~623 K范围内的温度特性。结果表明:Tm³⁺,Yb³⁺共掺氟氧化物微晶玻璃蓝色上转换荧光可应用于光学测温,其测温最大灵敏度为4.2×10^-4 K^-1,相应温度为352 K。     

Small activation entropy bestows high-stability of nanoconfined D-mannitol

It has been a long-standing puzzling problem that some glasses exhibit higher glass transition temperatures(denoting high stability) but lower activation energy for relaxations(denoting low stability). In this paper, the relaxation kinetics of the nanoconfined D-mannitol(DM) glass was studied systematically using a high-precision and high-rate nanocalorimeter.The nanoconfined DM exhibits enhanced thermal stability compared to the free DM. For example, the critical cooling rate for glass formation decreases from 200 K/s to below 1 K/s; the Tg increases by about 20 K–50 K. The relaxation kinetics is analyzed based on the absolute reaction rate theory. It is found that, even though the activation energy E~*decreases,the activation entropy S~*decreases much more for the nanoconfined glass that yields a large activation free energy G~*and higher thermal stability. These results suggest that the activation entropy may provide new insights in understanding the abnormal kinetics of nanoconfined glassy systems.     

Predicting the bioactivity of glasses using the network connectivity or split network models

Bioactive glasses (BG) are used as bone substitutes and re-mineralising additives in toothpastes. They work by precipitating apatite on their surface, and the network connectivity (NC) and split network models can be used to predict their bioactivity, i.e. their ability to form apatite.While NC predicts glass degradation and has been used successfully to predict the bioactivity of BG, it does not take into account their phosphate content. Our experimental data confirm predictions using the split network model by Edén [Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids 357 (2011) 1595–1602], that “as long as P remains predominantly as Q_P⁰ tetrahedra and the average silicate network-polymerisation is ‘favourable’, the bioactivity enhances monotonically for increasing phosphorus content of the BG”. Results show that phosphate plays a key role in bioactivity and apatite formation of BG. This can be explained by the fact that phosphorus does not form part of the silicate network, but instead forms a separate orthophosphate phase. However, NC and split network models are still useful approaches for predicting BG bioactivity and apatite formation, if care is exercised when applying the models to glasses that contain more components than simple SiO₂–P₂O₅–CaO–Na₂O systems.     

State Sampling Dependence of Hopfield Network Inference

The fully connected Hopfield network is inferred based on observed magnetizations and pairwise correlations.We present the system in the glassy phase with low temperature and high memory load.We find that the inference error is very sensitive to the form of state sampling.When a single state is sampled to compute magnetizations and correlations,the inference error is almost indistinguishable irrespective of the sampled state.However,the error can be greatly reduced if the data is collected with state transitions.Our result holds for different disorder samples and accounts for the previously observed large fluctuations of inference error at low temperatures.     

Bulk metallic glasses based on ytterbium and calcium

We report the formation of a family of bulk metallic glasses (BMGs) based on rare earth element of ytterbium and alkaline earth element of calcium. The glass-forming ability, atomic packing density and corrosion behaviors of the BMGs show an extremum around the eutectic point with the change of the concentration of Yb and Ca.     

Synthesis and characterization of copolymaleimides containing 4‐cyanobiphenyl‐based side groups for nonlinear optical applications

We report the synthesis of a nematic copolymer, P(CBMS‐co‐M₃), prepared by free radical polymerization of an equimolecular mixture of p‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy)methylstyrene (CBMS) and N‐[3‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy)propyl]maleimide (M₃) and two isotropic alternating copolymers, P(S‐alt‐M_n) (n = 3,6) prepared by chemical modification of poly(styrene‐alt‐maleimide), P(S‐alt‐M), by n‐(4‐cyanobiphenyl‐4′‐yloxy)alkan‐1‐ol. These copolymaleimides were characterized by NMR, DSC, and optical microscopy. Some corona poling experiments were performed and the second harmonic coefficients d₃₁ and d₃₃ were measured. It was shown that one can gain in net polar ordering by starting with a liquid crystalline system. The ratio d₃₃/d₃₁ was much larger than 3, in agreement with the molecular statistical models for electric field poling of liquid crystals. At ambient conditions, changes of d₃₃ and d₃₁ are 15% over 325 days. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 37: 513–524, 1999