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31.
We consider networks of coupled phase oscillators of different complexity: Kuramoto–Daido-type networks, generalized Winfree networks, and hypernetworks with triple interactions. For these setups an inverse problem of reconstruction of the network connections and of the coupling function from the observations of the phase dynamics is addressed. We show how a reconstruction based on the minimization of the squared error can be implemented in all these cases. Examples include random networks with full disorder both in the connections and in the coupling functions, as well as networks where the coupling functions are taken from experimental data of electrochemical oscillators. The method can be directly applied to asynchronous dynamics of units, while in the case of synchrony, additional phase resettings are necessary for reconstruction.  相似文献   
32.
The structural and magnetic phase diagrams of Coa(1−x)MnaxGeb epitaxial films near the composition of Heusler alloy Co2MnGe have been studied using combinatorial molecular beam epitaxy techniques. Epitaxial growth on Ge (1 1 1) has been stabilized over nearly the entire composition range of the ternary system. Epitaxial constraints play an important role for the small number of observed structural phases. The variety of high-temperature magnetic properties, and the structural and chemical compatibilities with group IV elements make the ternary system promising for the science and applications of spintronics.  相似文献   
33.
The electronic structure and the metal-insulator transition (MIT) of V2O3 are investigated in the framework of density functional theory and GGA+U. It is found that, both the insulating and metallic phases can be realized in rhombohedral structure by varying the on-site Coulomb interaction, and the MIT in V2O3 can take place without any structure phase transition. Our calculated energy gap (0.63 eV) agrees with experimental result very well. The metallic phase exhibits high spin (S=1) character, but it becomes S=1/2 in insulating phase. According to our analysis, the Mott-Hubbard and the charge-transfer induce the MIT together, and it supports the mechanism postulated by Tanaka (2002) [11].  相似文献   
34.
We present a quantum protocol for the solution of a two-party comparison task with the help of a semi-honest third party, which can be used to solve the millionaire problem. The secrets are coded into the phases of d-level entangled states by local operations and read by the third party's collective measurements. The two parties can deduce the results of comparisons based on the secret bits shared between them beforehand and the announcement of the third party. Moreover, others will learn no information of the comparison results, even the third party. Our scheme is private and fair, and the security has also been discussed.  相似文献   
35.
T1ρ imaging is useful in a number of clinical applications. T1ρ preparation methods, however, are sensitive to non-uniformities of the B0 magnetic field and the B1 RF field. These common system imperfections can result in image artifacts and quantification errors in T1ρ imaging. We report on a phase-cycling method which can eliminate B1 RF inhomogeneity effects in T1ρ imaging. This method does not only correct for image artifacts but also for T2ρ contamination caused by B1 RF inhomogeneity. The presence of B0 magnetic field inhomogeneity can compromise the effectiveness of this method for B1 RF inhomogeneity correction. We demonstrate that, by combining the spin-locking scheme reported by Dixon et al. (Myocardial suppression in vivo by spin locking with composite pulses. Magn Reson Med 1996; 36:90-94) with phase cycling, we can simultaneously correct B0 magnetic field inhomogeneity effects and B1 RF inhomogeneity effects in T1ρ imaging. Phantom and in vivo data sets are used to demonstrate the proposed methods and to compare them with other existing T1ρ preparation methods.  相似文献   
36.
We formulate a theory of nonrelativistic scattering in one dimension based on the J-matrix method. The scattering potential is assumed to have a finite range such that it is well represented by its matrix elements in a finite subset of a basis that supports a tridiagonal matrix representation for the reference wave operator. Contrary to our expectation, the 1D formulation reveals a rich and highly nontrivial structure compared to the 3D formulation. Examples are given to demonstrate the utility and accuracy of the method. It is hoped that this formulation constitutes a viable alternative to the classical treatment of 1D scattering problem and that it will help unveil new and interesting applications.  相似文献   
37.
The results of optical studies of Cr3+ and Eu3+ ions doped nanocrystalline ferroelectric BaTiO3 produced by the sol-gel process (particle size 20-40 nm) are reported. The Cr3+ impurity ions 2E-4A2 (R-lines) fluorescence spectra in BaTiO3 revealed significant differences from that reported in literature for the bulk material. At least three types of Cr3+ centers were found in the spectra. The temperature dependence of optical second harmonic generation in nanocrystalline BaTiO3: Eu3+ shows a strong hysteresis in C4v-Oh ferroelectric phase transition region, which was explained by the ordering effects in the system of electric dipole moments of dipole nanocrystals. The temperature dependencies of radiative lifetime of Eu3+5D0 excited level reveal some hysteresis too. The possibility of influence of the ordering in the system of BaTiO3:Eu3+ nanocrystals on the effective index of refraction of the medium and thus on the Eu3+5D0 radiative lifetime, due to the local field effects is discussed.  相似文献   
38.
Two experimental programs are aiming to study nuclear collisions in the energy regime in order to explore an essential part of the phase diagram of strongly interacting matter. The programs are motivated by observations that indicate a phase transition to take place in this energy domain: the onset of deconfinement. The STAR collaboration proposes an energy scan in the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) at BNL. The ongoing program of the NA61/SHINE experiment consists of a two-dimensional energy-system size scan in nuclear and elementary collisions. The goal of both programs is to study the properties of the onset of deconfinement and to eventually discover the conjectured critical point of strongly interacting matter. A comparison of the strengths and limitations reveals the complementarity of the two programs.  相似文献   
39.
In this contribution we present the analysis of the third harmonic susceptibility data of the new superconductor NdFeAs1−0.14F0.14. ‘Cole-Cole’ polar plots respect to the magnetic frequency of the exciting field are presented and discussed. Data show that NdFeAs1−0.14F0.14 exhibit a ‘bulk pinning’ with a 3D flux dynamic character. A comparison of the responses of high Tc materials and an evaluation of theoretical critical states is also presented.  相似文献   
40.
The NixFe1−x alloys close to the stoichiometric Ni3Fe composition are modeled by means of Monte Carlo simulations. To describe the atomic and magnetic configurations, the Ising and Heisenberg models with nearest-neighbor interactions have been used, respectively. The pairwise interactions have been fitted to the experimentally measured Curie and Kurnakov temperatures, the Fe-Fe magnetic exchange interaction has been considered antiferromagnetic. The mutual influence of the magnetic and chemical ordering is evidenced and a good agreement with the phase diagram is obtained. Our numerical results show that the magnetic order is able to increase the Kurnakov temperature and, reciprocally, the chemical order is responsible for a rise in the Curie temperature. Also, the influence of the applied magnetic field on the chemical order is investigated and an increase of the Kurnakov temperature with the external field is observed.  相似文献   
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