Some hydrodynamic aspects of 3-phase inverse fluidized bed

Hydrodynamics of 3-phase inverse fluidized bed is studied experimentally using low density particles for different liquid and gas velocities. The hydrodynamic characteristics studied include pressure drop, minimum liquid and gas fluidization velocities and phase holdups. The minimum liquid fluidization velocity determined using the bed pressure gradient, decreases with increase in gas velocity. The axial profiles of phase holdups shows that the liquid holdup increases along the bed height, whereas the solid holdup decreases down the bed. However, the gas holdup is almost uniform in the bed.     

Recent theories of gas sorption in polymers

Theories and models are presented for gas sorption in polymers above and below the glass transition temperature. With the exception of predictive theories that do not represent the data well, the models are fit to data for the carbon dioxide/silicone rubber and carbon dioxide/polycarbonate systems for the purposes of comparison. During the past decade, a number of new models and theories have been proposed specifically for gas sorption in glassy polymers. Each new model attempts to incorporate aspects of the gas sorption process that are unique to polymers below the glass transition temperature. This review discusses these recent advances, the assumptions used in their development and their advantages and disadvantages.     

Anharmonic effects in large-amplitude vibrations of metal clusters

Two types of extreme collective motion, large-amplitude many-phonon vibration of the ionic core and rotation of the cluster with high angular momenta, are considered. The interplay between vibration and collective motion towards fission is discussed. A new mechanism of formation and rupture of the neck is proposed which is based on the Franck-Condon principle, and accounts for the interplay between vibration and fission. Under rotation, the change of the shape of the cluster and a phase transition from axially symmetric to triaxial ellipsoid are predicted. For studying the effects, vibrational motion can be induced by laser radiation. Rotational motion may arise in collisions of clusters. Received 26 April 2001 and Received in final form 15 October 2001     

A contribution to the ternary phase diagram Co-Sb-Te

The melting behaviour, some phase boundaries and the lattice parameters in the region of the NiAs-type phase in the ternary system cobalt-antimony-tellurium have been determined by differential thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction. A projection of the liquidus surface and the phase relationships in different sections with constant antimony/tellurium ratios are presented. The peculiar variation of the lattice parameters with the composition of the nonstoichiometric NiAs-type phase is discussed in terms of the defect structure.Dedicated to Prof. K. L. Komarek on the occasion of his 65th birthday     

四能级原子系统中量子相干增强的Kerr非线性效应的研究

应用密度矩阵方程计算了四能级原子系统中三阶非线性极化率随信号光和探针光频率失谐的变化关系。结果表明，由于量子干涉对信号光强度的敏感性，使四能级原子介质的交叉Kerr非线性作用大大增强，与三能级系统相比，四能级原子介质的Kerr非线性系数可增强两个数量级。     

Modification of Spatial Coherence by Means of Low-Order Zernike-Mode Adaptive Optics

Spatial coherence of the field modified by low-order adaptive optics is analyzed to establish a theoretical basis for the recent idea of using adaptive optics as a spatial coherence modifier. In this context low-order adaptive optics has the ability to correct some of the low-order aberrations specified by Zernike polynomials. The initial field to be modified is assumed to be a spatially partially coherent one resulting from phase disturbance. It is demonstrated, as in the previous study, that low-order adaptive optics serves to enhance the spatial coherence of the resultant field and that the effect of the enhancement becomes stronger as the spatial coherence of the initially partially coherent field increases. Potential applications of low-order adaptive optics as a spatial coherence modifier are briefly discussed.     

Pressure-induced polymorphism in enstatite (MgSiO3) at room temperature: clinoenstatite and orthoenstatite

The phase transition of a synthetic clinoenstatite in a diamond-anvil cell has been studied by using Raman spectroscopy at various pressures and room temperature. The phenomena observed in clinoenstatite have been compared with that observed in orthoenstatite. It is found that the pressure-induced phase transitions in the two enstatites are reversible, but with different transition pressures and transition behavior. An analysis of Raman spectra has revealed that the two enstatites have different high-pressure polymorphs. This result suggests that the space group of the high-pressure polymorph of orthoenstatite is not of C2/c, and that orthoenstatite and orthoferrosilite have different transition routes at room temperature and high pressure. The compressional behavior of the high-PC2/c enstatite is also discussed according to the pressure dependences of Raman frequencies.     

On a model of phase relaxation for the hyperbolic Stefan problem

In this paper we study a model of phase relaxation for the Stefan problem with the Cattaneo–Maxwell heat flux law. We prove an existence and uniqueness result for the resulting problem and we show that its solution converges to the solution of the Stefan problem as the two relaxation parameters go to zero, provided a relation between these parameters holds.     

Whole-field determination of isoclinic parameter by five-step color phase shifting and its error analysis

Combining color imaging with phase shifting, a technique named five-step color phase shifting is presented to determine the whole-field isoclinic parameter. Relevant theory is derived and explicit conditions for directly determining the isoclinic parameter in the range of [0,π/2] are given. The unloaded light intensity of the model is systematically studied. A color camera recorded five isoclinic images coupled with isochromatics from a plane polariscope with five different settings, respectively. Experiments have been carried out with a circular disk under diametral compression and errors have been analyzed and estimated. This technique utilizes white light, which avoids undefined isoclinics near the locations where the isochromatics exist and will have active effect on experimental stress analysis and structural strength design.     

Polarization Sensitive Spectral Interferometric Optical Coherence Tomography for Biological Samples

A spectral interferometric optical coherence tomography (OCT) system which has polarization sensitivity is developed. This system reduces the mechanical scanning dimension by employing the principle of spectral interferometry, and measures a two dimensional cross-sectional image of biological tissue with one dimensional mechanical scanning. Sixteen OCT images with different polarization conditions are measured, and two dimensional distributions of each element of the Müller matrix of a sample to be measured are calculated.