政府奖惩下供应链复原能力提升机制的演化博弈分析

正常运营是农业供应链及绿色供应链等相当一部分供应链展开深入工作的前提,政府奖惩是保证供应链正常运营的重要措施。运用演化博弈论研究供应链成员企业进行复原能力投入时的决策行为:随着投入贡献增大,供应商和买方的演化过程出现五种演化稳定策略。同时,提出政府补贴和惩罚机制,对成员企业的行为进行协调,得出促使供应链成员企业全员投入的充要条件,从而提升供应链复原能力。最后,利用数值仿真,证明演化模型的合理性及协调机制的有效性。     

Pathology laboratory accreditation: the Australian experience

 The National Associating of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA) is a laboratory accreditation company that has been involved in the accreditation of pathology laboratories since 1982. This role is carried out in conjunction with the Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA). The accreditation process is known as the NATA/RCPA scheme. The NATA/RCPA accreditation scheme originated from the desire to raise professionalstandards in pathology. The scheme aimed to achieve this through a peer review process in which education and voluntary participation were stressed. In 1986, the Australian Federal Government adopted the scheme as its measure of the competence of testing by pathology laboratories seeking payment from the Commonwealth Department of Human Services and Health reimbursement scheme, Medicare. This meant that NATA/RCPA accreditation became mandatory for such laboratories. The benefits of peer review as a means for establishing professional competence and the challenges a mandatory accreditation program poses to such a scheme will be discussed. Received: 6 May 1996 Accepted: 29 May 1996     

The coevolution of partner switching and strategy updating in non-excludable public goods game

Spatial public goods game is a popular metaphor to model the dilemma of collective cooperation on graphs, yet the non-excludable property of public goods has seldom been considered in previous models. Based upon a coevolutionary model where agents play public goods games and adjust their partnerships, the present model incorporates the non-excludable property of public goods: agents are able to adjust their participation in the games hosted by others, whereas they cannot exclude others from their own games. In the coevolution, a directed and dynamical network which represents partnerships among autonomous agents is evolved. We find that non-excludable property counteracts the positive effect of partner switching, i.e., the equilibrium level of cooperation is lower than that in the situation of excludable public goods game. Therefore, we study the effect of individual punishment that cooperative agents pay a personal cost to decrease benefits of those defective neighbors who participate in their hosted games. It is found that the cooperation level in the whole population is heightened in the presence of such a costly behavior.     

同伴教育在仪器分析实验教学中的应用与思考

仪器分析实验往往需要多人合作完成。我们在高效液相色谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、原子吸收光谱实验过程中尝试运用同伴教育方法起到了良好的教学效果。同伴教育主要体现为同伴相互帮助、相互竞争、相互学习及相互督促四个方面。同伴教育部分减轻了教师的带教负荷,促进同伴之间相互交流,使实验中小组各成员的凝聚力增强,从整体上提升了实验效果。教师在组织实验时适度采取同伴教育方法,有助于仪器分析实验的深入开展。     

Peer interactions in a computer lab: reflections on results of a case study involving web-based dynamic geometry sketches

A case study, originally set up to identify and describe some benefits and limitations of using dynamic web-based geometry sketches, provided an opportunity to examine peer interactions in a lab. Since classes were held in a computer lab, teachers and pairs faced the challenges of working and communicating in a lab environment.Research has shown that particular teacher interventions provide motivation for the consideration of new ideas, and help uncover misunderstandings that may interfere with student progress [Towers, J. (1999). In what ways do teachers interventions interact with and occasion the growth of students’ mathematical understanding. Doctoral Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Unpublished]. Examples of student discourse presented here suggest that certain peer interactions act in similar ways—helping propel students towards new understanding. On the other hand, they also show that some peer interactions, although superficially similar to teacher interventions, may hamper student progress.     

Homelessness and drug misuse in developing countries: A mathematical approach

Homelessness and drug-misuse are known to exist like siamese twins. We present a model to capture the dynamics in the growth in the number of homeless (street kids and street adults) and drug misusers. The reproduction numbers of the model are determined and analyzed. Results from this study suggests that adult peer pressure plays a more significant role in the growth of drug-misuse and the number of street kids. This result suggests that in resource constrained settings intervention strategies should be tailor made to target adults whose behaviour influence others to misuse drugs and abuse children. Furthermore, numerical simulations show that homelessness and drug-misuse positively enhances, the growth of each other. Thus, to effectively control these two social problems require strategies targeting both of them.     

Do high-quality C-NMR spectral data really come from journals with high Impact Factors?

Journals span a wide range of quality – one measure among others to express this difference in quality of journals within a certain field of science being their Impact Factors. The simple, but reasonable, expectation that high-quality ¹³C-NMR spectral data would have been published predominantly in high-IF journals needs revision after using a state-of-the-art prediction engine for chemical-shift values and correlating the values obtained with the published values on a per-journal basis. The situation seems to have become more stable during the 1990s as a long-term effect of the widespread application of two-dimensional techniques, which was reversed in the past few years by the immense pressure to publish high-IF work in a very competitive environment.     

薄层色谱溶剂系统的最优化方法的研究第Ⅷ报外部惩罚函数法

以１０种已知磺胺的混合物为例，采用外部惩罚函数法在计算机上处理数据，对其薄层色谱溶剂系统进行优化，优化的结果为甲苯：无水乙醇；１，２－二氯乙烷：三氯甲烷＝０．６８：０．７８：４．１３：４．４１，分离结果比较满意，是一种比较有效的系统化方法。     

Joint Commission International accreditation: a laboratory perspective

Joint Commission International accreditation (JCIA) offers the international community a standards-based, objective process for evaluating healthcare organizations. The eleven JCIA standards are functionally organized. The standards are grouped by functions related to the provision of patient care and functions covering the provision of a safe, effective, and well-managed organization. The focus of the JCIA survey process is on the whole organization rather than on individual departments/services. The survey is carried out by trained and experienced healthcare peers. Healthcare organizations worldwide should be encouraged to seek accreditation such as that offered by JCIA. Where affordable, laboratories that are part of larger healthcare organizations should strive to achieve independent laboratory accreditation. The perspective of a laboratory undergoing a JCIA survey is briefly presented. Presented at the conference Quality in the Spotlight, March 2007, Antwerp, Belgium.