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R. L. Robertson 《Accreditation and quality assurance》1996,1(5):213-217
The National Associating of Testing Authorities, Australia (NATA) is a laboratory accreditation company that has been involved
in the accreditation of pathology laboratories since 1982. This role is carried out in conjunction with the Royal College
of Pathologists of Australasia (RCPA). The accreditation process is known as the NATA/RCPA scheme. The NATA/RCPA accreditation
scheme originated from the desire to raise professionalstandards in pathology. The scheme aimed to achieve this through a
peer review process in which education and voluntary participation were stressed. In 1986, the Australian Federal Government
adopted the scheme as its measure of the competence of testing by pathology laboratories seeking payment from the Commonwealth
Department of Human Services and Health reimbursement scheme, Medicare. This meant that NATA/RCPA accreditation became mandatory
for such laboratories. The benefits of peer review as a means for establishing professional competence and the challenges
a mandatory accreditation program poses to such a scheme will be discussed.
Received: 6 May 1996 Accepted: 29 May 1996 相似文献
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Spatial public goods game is a popular metaphor to model the dilemma of collective cooperation on graphs, yet the non-excludable property of public goods has seldom been considered in previous models. Based upon a coevolutionary model where agents play public goods games and adjust their partnerships, the present model incorporates the non-excludable property of public goods: agents are able to adjust their participation in the games hosted by others, whereas they cannot exclude others from their own games. In the coevolution, a directed and dynamical network which represents partnerships among autonomous agents is evolved. We find that non-excludable property counteracts the positive effect of partner switching, i.e., the equilibrium level of cooperation is lower than that in the situation of excludable public goods game. Therefore, we study the effect of individual punishment that cooperative agents pay a personal cost to decrease benefits of those defective neighbors who participate in their hosted games. It is found that the cooperation level in the whole population is heightened in the presence of such a costly behavior. 相似文献
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仪器分析实验往往需要多人合作完成。我们在高效液相色谱、红外光谱、紫外光谱、原子吸收光谱实验过程中尝试运用同伴教育方法起到了良好的教学效果。同伴教育主要体现为同伴相互帮助、相互竞争、相互学习及相互督促四个方面。同伴教育部分减轻了教师的带教负荷,促进同伴之间相互交流,使实验中小组各成员的凝聚力增强,从整体上提升了实验效果。教师在组织实验时适度采取同伴教育方法,有助于仪器分析实验的深入开展。 相似文献
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Margaret P. Sinclair 《The Journal of Mathematical Behavior》2005,24(1):89-107
A case study, originally set up to identify and describe some benefits and limitations of using dynamic web-based geometry sketches, provided an opportunity to examine peer interactions in a lab. Since classes were held in a computer lab, teachers and pairs faced the challenges of working and communicating in a lab environment.Research has shown that particular teacher interventions provide motivation for the consideration of new ideas, and help uncover misunderstandings that may interfere with student progress [Towers, J. (1999). In what ways do teachers interventions interact with and occasion the growth of students’ mathematical understanding. Doctoral Dissertation, University of British Columbia, Unpublished]. Examples of student discourse presented here suggest that certain peer interactions act in similar ways—helping propel students towards new understanding. On the other hand, they also show that some peer interactions, although superficially similar to teacher interventions, may hamper student progress. 相似文献
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《Communications in Nonlinear Science & Numerical Simulation》2014,19(6):1908-1917
Homelessness and drug-misuse are known to exist like siamese twins. We present a model to capture the dynamics in the growth in the number of homeless (street kids and street adults) and drug misusers. The reproduction numbers of the model are determined and analyzed. Results from this study suggests that adult peer pressure plays a more significant role in the growth of drug-misuse and the number of street kids. This result suggests that in resource constrained settings intervention strategies should be tailor made to target adults whose behaviour influence others to misuse drugs and abuse children. Furthermore, numerical simulations show that homelessness and drug-misuse positively enhances, the growth of each other. Thus, to effectively control these two social problems require strategies targeting both of them. 相似文献
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Journals span a wide range of quality – one measure among others to express this difference in quality of journals within a certain field of science being their Impact Factors. The simple, but reasonable, expectation that high-quality 13C-NMR spectral data would have been published predominantly in high-IF journals needs revision after using a state-of-the-art prediction engine for chemical-shift values and correlating the values obtained with the published values on a per-journal basis. The situation seems to have become more stable during the 1990s as a long-term effect of the widespread application of two-dimensional techniques, which was reversed in the past few years by the immense pressure to publish high-IF work in a very competitive environment. 相似文献
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Joint Commission International accreditation (JCIA) offers the international community a standards-based, objective process
for evaluating healthcare organizations. The eleven JCIA standards are functionally organized. The standards are grouped by
functions related to the provision of patient care and functions covering the provision of a safe, effective, and well-managed
organization. The focus of the JCIA survey process is on the whole organization rather than on individual departments/services.
The survey is carried out by trained and experienced healthcare peers. Healthcare organizations worldwide should be encouraged
to seek accreditation such as that offered by JCIA. Where affordable, laboratories that are part of larger healthcare organizations
should strive to achieve independent laboratory accreditation. The perspective of a laboratory undergoing a JCIA survey is
briefly presented.
Presented at the conference Quality in the Spotlight, March 2007, Antwerp, Belgium. 相似文献