Restriction Endonuclease Analysis of Mitochondrial DNA of Muntjacs and Related Deer

Twelve restriction endonucleases were employed to analyze the mitochondrial DNA of four species of muntjacs and two related species of deer: red muntjac (M. muntjak), Gongshan muntjac (M. gongshanensis ), black muntjac (M. crinifrons), Chinese muntjac (M. reevesi), tufted deer (Elaphodus cephalophus), and forest musk deer (Moschus berezovskii). A total of 170 restriction fragments were detected among the samples. Fragments data were used to calculate the genetic distance (i. e. percent sequence divergency) among species, which in turn were used to construct a phylogenetic tree and to estimate divergency times. Our analysis indicates that the black muntjac and the Gongshan muntjac are most closely related, and that they are closely realted to the red muntjac and the Chinese muntjac. Additionally, the tufted deer is genetically closer to muntjacs than the musk deer is.     

A uniform Fourier restriction theorem for surfaces in

We establish a uniform Fourier restriction estimate for certain hypersurfaces in .

     

An application of the Littlewood restriction formula to the Kostant-Rallis Theorem

Consider a symmetric pair of linear algebraic groups with , where and are defined as the +1 and -1 eigenspaces of the involution defining . We view the ring of polynomial functions on as a representation of . Moreover, set , where is the space of homogeneous polynomial functions on of degree . This decomposition provides a graded -module structure on . A decomposition of is provided for some classical families when is within a certain stable range.

The stable range is defined so that the spaces are within the hypothesis of the classical Littlewood restriction formula. The Littlewood restriction formula provides a branching rule from the general linear group to the standard embedding of the symplectic or orthogonal subgroup. Inside the stable range the decomposition of is interpreted as a -analog of the Kostant-Rallis theorem.

     

APPLICATION OF PENALTY FUNCTION METHOD IN ISOPARAMETRIC HYBRID FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS

By the aid of the penalty function method, the equilibrium restriction conditions were introduced to the isoparametric hybrid finite element analysis, and the concrete application course of the penalty function method in three-dimensional isoparametric hybrid finite element was discussed.The separated penalty parameters method and the optimal hybrid element model with penalty balance were also presented. The penalty balance method can effectively refrain the parasitical stress on the premise of no additional degrees of freedom. The numeric experiment shows that the presented element not only is effective in improving greatly the numeric calculation precision of distorted grids but also has the universality.     

Constraint-induced restriction and extension operators with applications

The Stokes operator is a differential-integral operator induced by the Stokes equations. In this paper, we analyze the Stokes operator from the point of view of the Helmholtz minimum dissipation principle. We show that, through the Hodge orthogonal decomposition, a pair of bounded linear operators, a restriction operator and an extension operator, are induced from the divergence-free constraint. As a consequence, we use it to calculate the eigenvalues of the Stokes operator.     

On Constitutive Equations of Cauchy Elastic Solids: All Kinds of Crystals and Quasicrystals

Our concern is with the problem of determining general reduced forms of constitutive equations of Cauchy elastic solids under all kinds of material symmetries, including well-known crystal classes and newly discovered quasicrystal classes. By means of Tschebysheff polynomials we present in unified forms simple irreducible representations for elastic constitutive equations under the infinitely many subgroup classes C _2m+1, C _2m+2, D _2m+1 and D _2m+2 for all m = 1, 2,... Moreover, we provide a simple representation for elastic constitutive equations under the most complicated point group, i.e. the icosahedral group. Each presented representation is expressed in terms of not more than nine polynomial tensor generators only. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

服务业对外开放与自由化：基本趋势、国际比较与中国对策

本文探讨了经济服务化、服务自由化的全球趋势与制度演进,并基于STRI限制性壁垒指数比较分析了中国服务业的对外开放与自由化水平。服务业的发展、自由化与对外开放是世界经济发展的基本趋势,但与其他经济体尤其是发达经济体相比,中国服务业的发展水平与开放水平都相对较低。中国是服务市场限制程度最高的少数几个国家之一,除建筑设计之外的其他所有服务部门的限制性壁垒均高于样本经济体平均水平,其中广播、快递、动画、录音、电信、数字服务这六个行业的限制性壁垒最高。考虑到中国经济的长远发展、全球经贸体制特别是服务贸易体制的演变以及中美贸易摩擦的常态化趋势等诸多因素,中国应积极主动地扩大与深化服务业的市场化改革与开放,切实提高服务业的国际竞争力。     

单侧检验的局限性及其解决方法

根据单侧检验的思想方法,揭示了单侧检验的局限性,给出了识别局限性的两个命题,并提出了对于这种局限性的解决方法。     

HUMAN CHROMOSOME BANDING WITH RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES HaeIII,HinfI AND PstI

Human chromosome banding was carried out with restriction endonucleases (REs)HaeⅢ, HinfⅠ, PstⅠ and the effects of some factors on it were examined. HaeⅢ induced Cand G banding patterns, HinfⅠ induced negative C bands but the centromeric heterochro-matin of chromosomes 3 and 4 remained selectively dark-stained. A new heteromorphismof C banded region was discovered in chromosome 4. PstⅠ induced G-like banding pattern.The duration of enzymatic digestion, the concentration of glycerol in the reaction buffer,as well as the ageing and heating of chromosome preparations all had a significant influ-ence on the banding effects of the REs.