Influence of moisture on the viscoelastic relaxations in long aliphatic chain contained semiaromatic polyamide, (PA9‐T) fiber

The effect of moisture on the mechanical relaxation processes of semiaromatic semicrystalline polyamides synthesized by a long‐chain aliphatic diamine and terephthalic acid was investigated by dynamic viscoelastic analysis (DVA) and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Moreover, the implication of moisture with the amorphous and crystalline domains was also examined by temperature‐dependent wide‐angle X‐ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectra. The characteristics of the relaxations such as α, β, γ, and the pronounced peak shoulder appeared at 25–100 °C in DVA tan δ curves were found to be strongly susceptible to the presence of moisture. With moisture evaporation, the peak shoulder of 25–100 °C and the β‐relaxation disappeared. The former is anticipated to originate from to the side group motion of hydrogen‐bonded water, whereas the later one is from the motions of the amide–water complex units. With the disappearance of the β‐relaxation, the γ‐relaxation appeared simultaneously in much lower temperatures and ultimately coupled with the δ‐relaxation. The γ‐relaxation is attributed to be associated with the molecular motion of the amide group and δ‐relaxation with for the motion of the methylene units. The existence of two types of water was identified in the polymer, namely, tightly bound and loosely bound. The tightly bound water is believed to be directly connected by hydrogen bonding with the strong polar groups and the loosely bound water weakly links with those connected water making hydrogen bridges. The moisture acts as a plasticizer in the polymer matrix, which causes quite a large depression in its glass transition temperature (T_g). WAXD and FTIR studies corroborated the existence of water solely in amorphous regions, i.e., no rapport of water with the crystalline parts. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 2878–2891, 2003     

火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素探讨

对火力发电厂废水中悬浮物处理的影响因素如pH值、水温、接触介质、进水水质、混凝剂加入量等进行分析，对主要影响因素水温和混凝剂加入量进行了试验分析，制定出废水悬浮物处理的合理方案。     

Dispersion analysis of the least‐squares finite‐element shallow‐water system

The frequency or dispersion relation for the least‐squares mixed formulation of the shallow‐water equations is analysed. We consider the use of different approximation spaces corresponding to co‐located and staggered meshes, respectively. The study includes the effect of Coriolis, and the dispersion properties are compared analytically and graphically with those of the mixed Galerkin formulation. Numerical solutions of a test problem to simulate slow Rossby modes illustrate the theoretical results. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Experimental analysis of current and deformation of ion-exchange polymer metal composite actuators

In this paper we describe the experimental analysis of a novel ion-exchange polymer metal composite (IPMC) actuator under large external voltage. The experimental analysis is supplemented with a coupled thermodynamic model, which includes mass transport across the thickness of the polymer actuator, chemical reactions at boundaries, and deformation as a function of the solvent (water) distribution. In this paper, the case of large electrode potentials (over 1.2 V) has been analyzed experimentally and theoretically. At these voltage levels, electrochemical reactions take place at both electrodes. These are used in the framework of overpotential theory to develop boundary conditions for the water transport in the bulk of polymer. The model is then simplified to a three-component system comprised of a fixed negatively charged polymeric matrix, protons, and free water molecules within the polymer matrix. Among these species, water molecules are considered to be the dominant species responsible for the deformation of the IPMC actuators. Experiments conducted at different initial water contents are described and discussed in the context of the proposed deformation mechanism. Comparison of numerical simulations with experimental data shows good agreement.     

软x射线近贴显微技术

软x射线近贴显微技术不但可使活的生物样品成象,分辨率高于光学显微镜,而且人为的样品准备程序在该技术中都可避免。本文描述了用高功率激光打靶产生的等离子体作为软x射线源而进行的近贴显微研究,并得到了分辨率好于1μm的结果。     

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of a Ternary Complex: [Ni(phen)2(pmal)]·8H2O

A new ternary complex [Ni(phen)(pmal)]·8H2O (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline,pmal2- = phenethyl malonic acid) has been synthesized by the reaction of nickel acetate, phen and phenethyl malonic acid. Elemental analysis, IR spectra and X-ray single-crystal diffraction were carried out to determine the composition and crystal structure. Crystal data for this complex: triclinic system, space group P1, a = 10.387(5), b = 13.112(6), c = 14.229(6) (A), α = 76.176(7), β =83.778(8), y = 71.770(6)°, C35H42N4O12Ni, Mr= 769.44, Z = 2, F(000) = 808, V = 1786.1 (A)3, Dc =1.431 g/cm3, μ = 0.612 mm-1, the final R = 0.0653 and wR = 0.1033 for 9379 (Rint = 0.0244)independent reflections and 4730 observed reflections (I ＞ 2σ(I)). Structural analysis shows that the coordination geometry of Ni(Ⅱ) is a distorted octahedron. A novel two-dimensional structure is constructed from (H2O)4 and (H2O)12 water clusters, and the complex forms a 3-D network supramolecular structure by hydrogen bonds and π-π stacking of neighboring phens.     

Cationic poly(methacryl oxyethyl trimethylammonium) and its poly(ethylene glycol)‐grafted analogue as capillary coating materials in electrophoresis

Cationic polyelectrolytes were synthesized and used as semipermanent coating materials for capillaries in electrophoresis. The polyelectrolytes used were a homopolymer of poly(methacryl oxyethyl trimethylammonium chloride) (PMOTAC) and its poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)‐grafted analogue. Two PMOTAC polyelectrolytes, with molar masses of 85,000 and 300,000 g/mol, and PEG‐grafted PMOTAC with a molar mass of 280,000 g/mol were synthesized and then characterized by size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Attachment of the polyelectrolytes to the wall of the fused silica capillary for electrophoresis caused the electroosmotic flow (EOF) to reverse. The polyelectrolyte coatings were tested over the pH range 2–11 at different buffer ionic strengths, and the most stable and strongest anodic EOFs were obtained at acidic pH values with low ionic strength buffers. Between runs the capillary is merely rinsed for 2 or 3 min with the background electrolyte solution. With the PMOTAC coatings at pH values ≤5, the RSDs of the EOFs were less than 2.9% after 60 injections. The effects of the molar mass of the polycation and of PEGylation of PMOTAC on the interactions between the polycations and basic proteins were studied at acidic pH values. The differences in the effective electrophoretic mobilities, resolution values, and plate numbers of the proteins with the different coatings were due to the EOF, as demonstrated through calculations of reduced mobilities, relative resolution values, and relative plate numbers. © 2007 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 45: 2655–2663, 2007     

Boundary-Value Problem of Drainage in a Fresh Groundwater Fringe above Saline Groundwater

A multiparameter boundary-value problem of fresh infiltration water seepage in a drained fringe above quiescent saline water is solved in the direct statement and studied in detail.     

Ab initio calculations of accurate dissociation energy and analytic potential energy function for the second excited state B1∏ of 7LiH

The reasonable dissociation limit of the second excited singlet state B¹∏ of ⁷LiH molecule is obtained. The accurate dissociation energy and equilibrium geometry of the B¹\Pi state are calculated using a symmetry-adapted-cluster configuration--interaction method in full active space. The whole potential energy curve for the B¹∏ state is obtained over the internuclear distance ranging from about 0.10nm to 0.54nm, and has a least-square fit to the analytic Murrell--Sorbie function form. The vertical excitation energy is calculated from the ground state to the B¹∏ state and compared with previous theoretical results. The equilibrium internuclear distance obtained by geometry optimization is found to be quite different from that obtained by single-point energy scanning under the same calculation condition. Based on the analytic potential energy function, the harmonic frequency value of the B¹∏ state is estimated. A comparison of the theoretical calculations of dissociation energies, equilibrium interatomic distances and the analytic potential energy function with those obtained by previous theoretical results clearly shows that the present work is more comprehensive and in better agreement with experiments than previous theories, thus it is an improvement on previous theories.     

两类记录值之和的中心极限定理

该文给出了Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ分布纪录值序列部分和的中心极限定理；对于Ｐａｒｅｔｏ分布纪录值序列的部分和T_n，获得了ｌｎT_n的中心极限定理．这一工作不仅具有概率论的极限理论方面的研究价值，而且在金融、保险等领域也具有相当重要的应用前景．