填料粒径对Cu/PTFE复合材料摩擦学性能影响的数值模拟

利用离散元方法对Cu/PTFE复合材料与45钢摩擦副建立滑动摩擦模型,重点探讨了填充质量一定时,Cu颗粒粒径对Cu/PTFE复合材料摩擦磨损性能的影响.模拟结果表明:Cu/PTFE复合材料与45钢滑动摩擦过程中,在45钢表面形成一层转移颗粒层,转移颗粒层的形成可以降低PTFE基复合材料的磨损;随着Cu粒径的增大,摩擦转移量呈增加趋势,说明一定范围内,较大粒径的Cu填充PTFE基复合材料更加有利于转移颗粒层的形成;滑动摩擦系数随着Cu粒径的增大呈减小趋势;PTFE基复合材料的磨损量、磨损率均随Cu粒径的增大先增加后减小.     

PTFE/Al含能复合材料的压缩行为研究

金属/氟聚合物含能复合材料是一类新型的高级含能材料.研究了室温下Al含量和应变率对PTFE/Al含能复合材料压缩性能和反应性能的影响,所加载的应变率为6×10-3s-1～8×103s-1.材料压缩性能的应变率效应明显:与静态加载相比,动态加载下材料模量和强度明显提高,但应变降低.材料的损伤过程主要包括塑性变形、开裂和反应3部分.随着Al含量的增加,材料准静态和动态压缩强度均呈先升后降的趋势,在Al含量为35%时达到最高值102.6 MPa和154 MPa;引发反应所需加载的应变率增加,但对应的应力值差别不明显,基本在165 MPa左右,材料引发后反应完全性降低.     

Fe/PTFE复合材料的摩擦诱导磁化及摩擦学性能

研究了Fe/PTFE复合材料在摩擦过程中的摩擦诱导磁化行为,主要探讨了滑动速度、载荷以及填料含量对摩擦磁化的影响.结果表明:随着载荷的增加,复合材料的摩擦诱导磁感应强度呈缓慢上升趋势,载荷超过2.5MPa后会略有下降;而随着摩擦线速度的增加,复合材料的摩擦诱导磁感应强度逐渐变小;此外随着填料含量的增加,复合材料的摩擦诱导磁感应强度逐渐增加.含铁磁性填料的聚合物复合材料的摩擦诱导磁化行为会促进摩擦转移膜的形成和稳定,从而对减小摩擦降低磨损产生有益的影响.     

钛合金表面MAO/粘接PTFE涂层的真空摩擦学性能

采用真空球盘摩擦试验机,分别在低载、中载和重载工况下测试了一种MAO/粘接PTFE复合涂层的摩擦学性能.结果表明:微弧氧化层提升了基底抵抗变形的能力,确保了摩擦过程中粘接PTFE涂层与基底结合状态的稳定,并且在原位生长过程中继承了金属表面原有的机械加工形貌,形成了特殊的"波峰"与"波谷"交替并存的"波状"多孔地形."波峰"与孔壁作为与摩擦对偶接触的硬质区域起承载和耐磨损作用,"波谷"和微孔作为与摩擦对偶接触的软质区域起贮存润滑剂与提供转移膜的作用.在两者的耐磨-减摩协同作用下,MAO/粘接PTFE复合涂层在不同接触应力条件下的摩擦学寿命较传统的喷砂/粘接PTFE的摩擦学寿命有了极大提升.     

聚四氟乙烯动态特性的实验研究

 在10~55 GPa的高压范围用化爆装置、采用阻抗匹配法测得了聚四氟乙烯（初始密度ρ₀=2.19 g/cm³）的冲击波速度D和波后粒子速度u之关系为：D=2.10+1.62u（mm/μs）。在0.2~3 GPa的低压范围用气炮装置、采用电磁速度计测量了材料内加、卸载过程的拉格朗日粒子速度波形，获得的冲击加载D-u关系为：D=1.24+3.72u-1.94u²（mm/μs）。实测卸载曲线和加载冲击绝热线接近一致，残余应变似乎不存在或者说很小；弹性区段很不明显，聚四氟乙烯本质上呈现出塑性性质。     

Spectroscopic evidence for radiation-induced crosslinking of poly(tetrafluoroethylene)

Direct spectroscopic evidence for radiation-induced crosslinking of poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE) is presented for all x-ray and electron dose levels above which it is possible to distinguish between deliberately introduced radiation damage and the x-ray damage inherent in obtaining an x-ray photoelectron spectrum (XPS). The C (1s) spectrum obtained after irradiation with 2 keV electrons for all doses greater than 1 μA-min/cm² consists of a four-peak spectrum identical to that previously obtained for plasma-polymerized tetrafluoroethylene and assigned to carbon atoms with variable numbers of bound F atoms (CF₃, CF₂, CF₁, and CF₀). X-ray irradiated PTFE can be fitted with the same four-peak spectrum. At or below an electron dose level of 1 μA-min/cm², the radiation damage is comparable to that produced by the x-ray dose necessary to obtain an XPS spectrum. The CF₁ and CF₀ components increase with increasing electron dose, and at high electron doses dominate the spectrum. With increasing dose the CF₃ component approaches a constant value while both the CF₂ component and the total F : C ratio decreases. These four components are those expected to result from radiation-induced crosslinking reactions of the polymer and are consistent with previous suggestions that crosslinking is the basis of radiation patterned adhesion to PTFE. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Immobilization of laccase on polymer grafted polytetrafluoroethylene membranes for biosensor construction

In this study, Trametes versicolor laccase was immobilized on polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) membranes using two different techniques, entrapment to gelatin and covalent immobilization to the surface. For surface immobilization, functional groups were formed on PTFE surface by radiofrequency (RF) plasma treatment followed by polymer grafting. Two different polymers, polyacrylamide (pAAm) and polyacrylic acid (pAAc) were tried. For polyacrylamide grafted PTFE, a two-step polymerization process was used. The membranes were first treated with hydrogen plasma and pAAm grafted PTFE (pAAm-g-PTFE) was then formed by argon plasma treatment. To produce pAAc grafted PTFE (pAAc-g-PTFE), the surface was first treated with argon plasma and AAc was then attached to the surface by heat treatment (70 °C, 6 h). For both cases, an optimized carbodiimide coupling reaction was used for laccase immobilization. Enzyme activity was measured by an oxygen electrode using guaiacol as substrate. All three biosensing membranes were characterized and compared in terms of optimum working conditions, storage stability and reusability. Our study concluded that although a higher activity was obtained by gelatin entrapped laccase, its mechanical instability and poor storage life makes the gelatin biosensor unattractive for multiple usages and for field measurements. pAAc-g-PTFE biosensor was found to be more stable and highly reusable (ca. 50 times) when compared with the other two biosensors. In addition, its sensitivity was suitable for field applications. Therefore, the pAAc-g-PTFE biosensor could be proposed as an alternative on-site detection tool for phenolic compound monitoring.     

稀土处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料在干摩擦条件下的摩擦磨损性能研究

研究了稀土元素(RE)处理炭纤维表面的最佳添加量和不同炭纤维表面处理对聚四氟乙烯(PTFE)复合材料在干摩擦条件下摩擦磨损性能的影响,并利用扫描电子显微镜对其磨损表面进行观察和分析.结果表明:当稀土元素在表面改性剂中的含量为0.3%时,炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦磨损性能最佳;在干摩擦条件下,表面处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的摩擦系数比未经处理炭纤维填充聚四氟乙烯复合材料的低,且其耐磨性较好;稀土处理使得复合材料的界面强韧性得到明显改善,从而提高了其摩擦磨损性能.     

聚合物复合薄膜改性橡胶表面结构及其摩擦性能研究

采用真空电子束分散聚氨酯、聚四氟乙烯及其混合物靶材制备单层、双层和复合薄膜改性丁腈橡胶表面,在MMT型球-盘微摩擦磨损试验机上评价其摩擦性能.结果表明,当混合物靶材中聚氨酯和聚四氟乙烯质量比为1:1时,复合薄膜的摩擦系数较低,辉光放电等离子体预处理橡胶基体表面对薄膜结构及其摩擦性能影响显著.     

A novel crystalline structure - poly(tetrafluoroethylene) spherulitic crystal and its crystallization kinetics

Spherulitic crystals of Poly(tetrafluoroethylene) (PTFE), for the first time, are observed in a kind of PTFE composite, and are verified by polarized optic microscopy (POM). Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) is used to study the isothermal crystallization kinetics of PTFE matrix at different temperatures. The result shows that Avrami parameter is near 3, which may be elucidated that PTFE crystallizes three-dimensionally from preexisting nuclei. The result is in accordance with scanning electric microscopy (SEM) and POM observation of the crystalline morphology of PTFE. Compared with the rate of one-dimension crystallization, the rate of three-dimension crystallization is lower. So the three-dimension crystallization is easier to control than the one-dimension crystallization of PTFE.