Dosimetric characterization of the Exradin W1 plastic scintillator detector through comparison with an in-house developed scintillator system

New commercial dosimetry systems need careful characterization and can benefit from the comparison with similar, in-house developed solutions. A comparison between such two dosimetry systems, both based on fibre-coupled organic plastic scintillator detectors, is presented. One system is the Exradin W1, fully commercialized by Standard Imaging, while the other system is the non-commercial ME40 system, developed by DTU Nutech with the aim of fundamental dosimetric research. Both systems employ plastic scintillator detectors that can be considered similar in design, calibrated using the same method, but differing primarily in the signal detection hardware. The two systems were compared with respect to essential dosimetric properties, with the purpose of testing their performance under conditions less well discussed in the literature. A Farmer ionization chamber was used as the primary reference of the comparison. The study demonstrated that the Cerenkov light ratio calibration coefficient of both systems was not constant, but changed systematically with photon beam quality to a maximum difference of 1.1%. Calibration with respect to stem effect correction should therefore be performed for every investigated beam quality when using plastic scintillator detectors. Both systems were found to be dose rate independent, even for the highest instantaneous dose rate evaluated (1.5 mGy per pulse). Low-dose measurements revealed large uncertainties for both systems, although the ME40 system handled short beam deliveries under reference conditions with accuracy and precision within 0.4%. Changes in response due to field size dependence were investigated and found to be as large as 3.3% for the W1 and 5.4% for the ME40, biasing output factor measurements in large fields. Great caution is therefore advised if using either system for measurements in large fields or under circumstances where the fibre irradiation geometry is unfavourable. Measurements of reference dose to water yielded differences up to 1.5% when compared with the Farmer ionization chamber for all investigated beam qualities.     

高强度三次谐波转换对光束质量的影响

分别利用光强对比度和功率谱密度作为激光束的振幅调制和位相畸变的定量描述参量,研究了在高功率条件下,三次谐波转换过程对激光光束质量的影响,详细分析了基频光的光束质量与三倍频光光束质量的定量变化关系.     

二维位置灵敏探测器输出图像畸变的修正

高分辨(e,2e)谱仪采用二维位置灵敏探测器同时对能量和角度进行多道测量.二维位置灵敏探测器由级联使用的微通道板和电阻阳极板组成,由于电阻阳极板的边缘效应和制造工艺的缺陷,测量得到的位置图像与实际图像总会有一定的形变,存在一定的非线性.本文针对高分辨(e,2e)谱仪二维位置灵敏探测器输出图像的“桶形”畸变及位置非线性,采用一种简易的冷刻法(用脉冲信号来模拟真实电子束团),检验了二维位置灵敏探测器的Gear型电阻阳极板的线性好坏,并用分割成小三角形的方法找出测量得到的畸变图像与原始真实图像的映射关系,再用此关系对其它测量得到的畸变图像进行修正,并对修正的结果进行了评估.通过修正,由“桶形”畸变所造成的图像扭曲得到明显改善.修正后的x方向非线性由修正前的2.1%变为0.59%.这种检验和修正方法对其它领域类似探测器输出图像的修正也有一定的指导意义.     

随机振动数值仿真中基础激励的自动反馈识别

利用ANSYS的APDL(ANSYS Parametric Design Language)语言的强大功能,结合工程实际问题,实现了随机振动试验数值仿真计算中基础输入功率谱的自动反馈识别．反馈过程中使用多个表格来存储基础输入谱,突破了基础输入谱只能用50个以内的数据点来描述的限制,故可以一次性完成基础输入谱的反馈识别,大大提高计算效率与精度．     

一种投影式激光方向测量方法

为了在激光告警中实现全方位角度探测,且达到一定的探测精度,提出了一种投影式激光方向测量方法.通过计算激光照射在参量给定的遮光板上形成的投影量.求解在探测器上由不同探测象限产生的不同的探测电流的比值.再根据投影面积的比值与角度一一对应的关系可事先编码的原理.由对应程序判断激光入射方向.在软件Matlab仿真中计箅得到产生最小分辨率的四个极限角度分别为(0°,90°)、(33°,21°)、(33°,69°)、(45°,90°),并由实验得到最小分辨电压为0.05 V.通过仿真计算与实验数据证明该设计可达到最小识别角度1°的探测要求.     

PSD方法的最优因子及效率分析

在系数矩阵是相容序2循环阵的情况下，本文给出了PSD方法的最优松弛参数和最优收敛因子，分析和讨论了它的实用性，并进而得到了一个新的迭代法，它的最优收敛因子与PSD方法一样，而迭代参数却只有一个．     

Photon-stimulated desorption of methanol on Si(111)7 × 7 and Si(100)2 × 1 at the C 1s and O 1s thresholds

Photostimulated desorption experiments have been performed on deuterated methanol adsorbed on Si(111)7 × 7 and Si(100)2 × 1 at the C 1s and O 1s thresholds. D⁺ and the masses of the series CD⁺_x are produced in the photofragmentation process in both energy ranges. A comparison has been made with the photofragmentation spectra of methanol in the gas phase and two different desorption mechanisms have been hypothesized for the desorption of D⁺ and higher masses from the silicon surfaces at the C 1s threshold.     

Photon-stimulated ion desorption from DCOO/Si(100) near the O K-edge

Photon-stimulated ion desorption from deuterated formic acid chemisorbed on Si(100) has been studied using pulsed synchrotron radiation in the energy region of the oxygen 1s electron excitation. The O 1s electrons of hydroxyl oxygen and carbonyl oxygen could be selectively excited in the O K-edge region because the chemical environments are different. It is found that the CDO⁺ yield is enhanced at the O 1s(C---O)→σ*(C---O) resonance and the CD⁺ yield at the O 1s(C=O)→σ*(C---O) resonance. The results indicate that ion desorption is related both to the antibonding character of excited molecular orbitals and the local character of core hole orbitals.     

Fermi-level dependent morphology in photoinduced bond breaking on (1 1 0) surfaces of III-V semiconductors

The morphology of structural changes of InP(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) and GaAs(1 1 0)-(1 × 1) induced by electronic processes following laser excitation has been studied by scanning tunneling microscopy. Surface-vacancy clusters are predominantly formed on n-type surfaces, while isolated anion monovacancies are generated almost exclusively on p-type surfaces. This remarkable Fermi-level effect in the morphology is characterized in terms of a screened Coulomb type interaction between charged surface monovacancies and carriers generated by laser excitation. It is shown that localization of photogenerated valence holes induces electronic bond rupture at surface sites.     

Desorption of H ions from water chemisorbed on Si(100) by O 1s excitation - an Auger electron-photoion coincidence spectroscopy study

Auger electron-photoion coincidence (AEPICO) spectroscopy, which has been recently developed and proved to be a very powerful technique for investigating the dynamics of desorption induced by the core-level excitation, is applied to the investigation of Auger-stimulated ion desorption from the chemisorbed-water-Si(100) surface induced by O 1s excitation. It is shown that the fast relaxation of the excited state with a core hole and an excited electron takes place before the core hole decay, and that the desorption yield is enhanced by the shake-up (and/or shake-off) excitation. The relative cross-section for Auger-stimulated ion desorption is estimated, and is shown to increase as holes are created at deeper levels of the valence bands as the final state of the Auger decay. A comparison is also made with condensed H₂O.