The soapless emulsion polymerization for the encapsulation of aluminosiloxane sol with PMMA

In the methyl methacrylate (MMA)-K₂S₂O₈-H₂O system we investigated the effect of initiator concentration, monomer amount, and quantity of aluminosiloxane sol on the rate of soapless emulsion polymerization. The kinetic characteristic suggests that the particles grow in accordance with the encapsulation mechanism. FT-IR confirmed that PMMA had been covalently combined with the aluminosiloxane sol. The morphology analysis by TEM confirmed that the composite particles have core-shell structure.     

PMMA/MMT nanocomposites prepared by one-step in situ intercalative solution polymerization

Poly(methylmetacrylate)/montmorillonite (PMMA)/(MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by one-step in situ intercalative solution polymerization involving simultaneous modification of MMT with quaternary ammonium salts (QAS), polymerization and polymer intercalation. Polymerization proceeded at 70 °C in a mixture of ethanol and water, whereas the nanocomposite was precipitated with only water. Four QAS’s with different alkyl chain lengths, as well as a QAS with an additional acrylic group, were used to study the influence of the type of quaternary ammonium salt on intercalation. The largest extent of intercalation was achieved in nanocomposites with the QAS having one long alkyl (C16) chain. The obtained PMMA/MMT intercalated nanocomposites exhibited a higher glass transition temperature, better thermal stability, and improved solvent resistance than the pure PMMA.     

In situ radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in a solution of surface modified TiO2 and nanoparticles

Surface modified TiO₂ nanoparticles dissolved in toluene were encapsulated in PMMA by in situ radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile. The surface modification of the TiO₂ nanoparticles (average diameter of 4.5 nm) was achieved by the formation of a charge transfer complex between TiO₂ nanoparticles and 6-palmitate ascorbic acid. The surface modified TiO₂/nanoparticles were characterized using UV−Vis and FTIR spectroscopy, while the obtained polymer nanocomposites were characterized using reflection and ¹H NMR spectroscopy, as well as gel permeation chromatography. The influence of the TiO₂ nanoparticles on the thermal properties of the PMMA matrix was investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The glass transition temperature of the polymer was not influenced by the presence of the nanoparticles while the thermal stability was significantly improved.     

Electrosynthesis and analytical characterization of PMMA coatings on titanium substrates as barriers against ion release

The performance of polyacrylic coatings as barrier films against corrosion of titanium-based orthopaedic implants was investigated. In particular, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was electrosynthesized on titanium substrates by electro-reductive processes from aqueous monomer solutions. The obtained PMMA coatings were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The effect of an annealing treatment on the morphology of coatings with respect to uniformity and porosity of films was assessed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). An inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) technique was used for ion concentration measurements in ion release tests performed on TiAlV sheets modified with PMMA coatings (annealed and unannealed). Results indicated that the annealing process produces coatings with considerable anticorrosion performances.Electronic Supplementary Material Supplementary material is available for this article at     

聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯的燃烧特性以及CO和CO2的生成机理

采用质谱，色谱和锥形量热仪研究了自由基聚合的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯（PMMA）燃烧过程中CO和CO2的生成机理及恒温条件下的燃烧情况，结果表明，在有氧条件下，自由基聚合的PMMA的解聚方式有三种，除了链末端的双键断裂和主链上的无规则C－C键的断裂外，还存在侧链酯基的断裂，其主要产物为CO2和CH3OH；在燃烧过程中，单体MMA的氧化主要的耗氧反应，其产物为CO2和少量的CO，并且CO2和CO的产率与反应温度以及样品的厚度基本无关，通过耗氧量估算得出，PMMA在空气中燃烧反应的热效应大约为22．9MJ/kg。     

胶粒为“Salami”结构的PMMA/SiPUA乳液与膜性能研究

采用两步法,先以六亚甲基二异氰酸酯(HDI)、聚醚二元醇(N210)、端羟丙基硅油(HPMS)、端羟基丙烯酸树脂(PA-OH)为主要原料,合成了含硅聚氨酯-丙烯酸酯(Si PUA)种子乳液,然后在Si PUA乳胶粒内引入甲基丙烯酸甲酯(MMA),通过原位自由基共聚合,构筑了以Si PUA为壳,聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为多核的"Salami"结构乳胶粒(PMMA/Si PUA).FTIR和DSC测试表明,聚氨酯、有机硅与丙烯酸酯发生反应,并确认了PMMA的生成;TEM结果显示,PMMA/Si PUA乳胶粒子具有"Salami"结构;随着Si PUA中HPMS含量的增加,PMMA/Si PUA乳胶粒子的粒径先增加后减小,粒径分布则从单峰窄分布变化到双峰宽分布,其乳液涂膜的水接触角呈现先增加后减小的趋势,但膜的吸水率则逐渐减小;与Si PUA相比,PMMA/Si PUA涂膜的透明性有一定下降,相分离程度增加;动态流变测试显示,PMMA/Si PUA涂膜中PMMA的存在,提高了其模量和黏度.当Si PUA中HPMS含量为10 wt%,核/壳质量比m(PMMA)/m(Si PUA)=0.5时,PMMA/Si PUA乳液的粒径较小,且为单峰分布,其涂膜的耐水性和耐高温性能较好.     

Preparation and properties of polymer/zinc oxide nanocomposites using functionalized zinc oxide quantum dots

Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/zinc oxide (ZnO) or carbazole polymer (PCEM)/ZnO nanocomposites, which are composed of high molecular weight PMMA or PCEM with narrow molecular weight distributions and ZnO nanoparticles, were successfully prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) initiated by 2-bromo-2-methylpropionyl (BMP) group (ZnBM) introduced onto the ZnO nanoparticle surfaces. Introduction of the BMP group onto the ZnO surfaces was achieved by esterification of OH group of the ZnO surfaces. The chemically attached OH group-having ZnO nanoparticles (ZnHM) were fabricated by sol-gel reaction from zinc acetate dihydrate, followed by treatment of the ZnO nanoparticles with 2-hydroxypropionic acid (HPA). The ZnHM nanoparticles showed one UV absorption and two emission bands: UV emission peak and broad visible emission band, while the ZnBM exhibited broad UV absorption and no emission spectra. The PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites displayed UV absorption and photoluminescent (PL) band with blue emission on the basis of the ZnHM nanoparticles, where the ZnO nanoparticles dispersed homogeneously in the PMMA matrix. The PCEM/ZnO nanocomposites depicted UV emission peak due to the carbazole unit in the UV range, but no visible emission. Thermal properties of the PMMA/ZnO nanocomposites were improved by dispersion of the ZnO nanoparticles into the PMMA, but the PCEM/ZnO nanocomposites showed no improvement of the thermal properties.     

Preparation and performance analysis of PE-supported P(AN-co-MMA) gel polymer electrolyte for lithium ion battery application

Copolymer, poly(acrylonitrile-co-methyl methacrylate) (P(AN-co-MMA)), was synthesized by solution polymerization with different mole ratios of monomers, acrylonitrile (AN) and methyl methacrylate (MMA). Polyethylene (PE) supported copolymer and gel polymer electrolyte (GPE) were prepared with this copolymer and their performances were characterized with FTIR, TGA, SEM, and electrochemical methods. It is found that the GPE using the PE-supported copolymer with AN to MMA = 4:1 (mole) exhibits an ionic conductivity of 2.06 × 10⁻³ S cm⁻¹ at room temperature. The copolymer is stable up to 270 °C. The PE-supported copolymer shows a cross-linked porous structure and has 150 wt% of electrolyte uptake. The GPE is compatible with anode and cathode of lithium ion battery at high voltage and its electrochemical window is 5.5 V (vs. Li/Li⁺). With the application of the PE-supported GPE in lithium ion battery, the battery shows its good rate and initial discharge capacity and cyclic stability.     

PMMA／石墨导电复合材料的制备与表征

以可膨化石墨为原料,高温处理得到膨化石墨,再经过超声处理,得到纳米薄片石墨。将得到的纳米薄片石墨与甲基丙烯酸甲酯单体在超声作用下预聚,灌模,得到块状的聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)/石墨复合材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、选区电子衍射SAD、红外、热重等分析仪器表征了纳米石墨薄片及PMMA/石墨复合材料。测试了复合材料的力学、电学性能,发现在室温下该复合材料的渗滤阀值为1.3%(wt),且保证石墨含量在1.4%(wt)时,即可保证复合材料具有良好的电学和力学性能。     

Synthesis of sub-micronic and nanometric PMMA particles via emulsion polymerization assisted by ultrasound: Process flow sheet and characterization

PMMA particle synthesis was performed from MMA (methyl methacrylate) and water mixtures, exposed to different ultrasonic systems and frequencies. The sonication sequence was 20 kHz → 580 kHz → 858 kHz → 1138 kHz, and the solution was sampled after each irradiation step for polymerization. Effects of sonication parameters (time, power), polymerization method (thermo-initiated or photo-initiated), use of small amounts of surfactant (Triton X-100™ or Tween® 20) and initial MMA quantity were investigated on particle size and synthesis yields. Particle size and size distribution were measured by DLS (Dynamic Light Scattering), and confirmed via SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy) images. Synthesis yield was calculated using the dry weight method. Particle composition was estimated using FTIR (Fourier Transform Infra-Red) spectroscopy. PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) monodispersed particles were successfully synthesized, with a possibility of control in the 78–310 nm size range. These sized-controlled particles were synthesized with a 7.5–85% synthesis yield (corresponding to 7.5–40 g/L particle solid content), depending on operational parameters. Furthermore, a trade-off between particle size and synthesis yield can be proposed: 20 kHz → 10 min waiting time → 580 kHz → 858 kHz leading to 90 nm particles diameter with 72% yield in less than 40 min for the whole sequence. Thus, the synthesis under ultrasound can be found easy to implement and time efficient, ensuring the success of the scale-up approach and opening up industrial applications for this type of polymeric particles.