CHALLENGES FOR PROCESS INDUSTRIES IN RECYCLING

Increasing population and individual wealth have led to a higher demand for energy and raw material resources as well as for steady improvement of processing technology in view of efficient use of resources and avoiding emissions in production and recycling processes. Present situation and future trend of recycling processing are discussed by examples from the aluminium and steel industries, recycling of cars and post-consumer municipal recovery, The importance of more intense observance of thermodynamic laws and of a 4E strategy ＂Economy, Energy, Environment and Education＂ is outlined.     

水体污染的激光诱导荧光非接触监测技术与系统研究通过鉴定

2005年12月5日，中国科学院安徽光机所承担的中科院知识创新工程重要方向性项目“环境水体污染的在线监测技术研究”中的子课题“水体污染的激光诱导荧光非接触监测技术与系统研究”通过鉴定。专家评价，该系统填补了国内水体污染非接触在线检测系统的空白，达到国际先进水平，建议拓展技术应用范围，加快产业化进程。     

P/R网和进程(Ⅰ)

Petri网是描述、分析和设计并发行为的数学工具。然而,对于并发行为中至关重要的进程概念,网论中的定义一直未能尽如人意。本文认为,把Petri网看作平面网的传统观点是造成这种困难的重要原因,并定义了一种多层Petri网——Petri/Riemann网,简称P/R网,以图解决上述困难。本文证明了,对任意的EN系统(以及C/E系统)均存在一个P/R网表示,既反映系统的静态性质(结点间的拓扑排序),又反映系统的动态性质(事件点火的偏序关系)。P/R网到系统的映射即定义为进程。     

介绍一种处理动力学数据的新方法

介绍一种处理动力学数据的新方法——反应进程动力学分析法（Reaction Progress Kinetic Analysis）。该方法通过反应速率除以一个反应物的浓度对另外一个反应物的浓度作图,结合不同超额浓度和相同超额浓度的3个实验,得到反应级数以及催化剂稳定性等信息。     

Variation of granule mass fraction with coordination number in wet granulation process

In granulation, fine particles combine to form a coarse granule in the form of a particle matrix partially or fully saturated with a binder liquid. The final product of granulation possesses a wide variety of granule size distributions with surface mean diameters which differ with operating conditions. The final granule size depends on the operating conditions, e.g. operating gas velocity, inlet air temperature, initial feed particle size, and viscosity of the binder. The objective of this paper is to find out the uniformity in the relation between the granule mass fraction in the final granule size distribution and the number of feed particles present in the granules. The total number of granules obtained depends on the experimental conditions but the granule mass fraction and the number of feed particles forming a single granule are independent of operating variables, feed material and method of granulation. The paper purports further to compare the uniform nature of mass fraction of the granules in final granule size distribution and the primary particles required to form that particular granule size irrespective of experimental conditions of granulation.     

基于扭转振动的PDC钻头布齿角度对复合片磨损规律的影响研究

针对PDC钻头布齿角度对复合片磨损的研究现状与不足,本文提出了一种基于扭转振动的PDC钻头布齿角度对复合片磨损规律影响的研究方法。利用PDC钻头典型的几何学知识,分析PDC钻头布齿角度之间的关系以及对切削弧长、切削面积等的影响,建立PDC钻头的扭转振动模型,得到在振动下的位移、速度、转速等关键参数,然后利用磨损理论分析布齿角度对复合片磨损规律的影响。结果表明：前倾角的不同取值会引起PDC钻头复合片的磨损规律发生显著变化,而刃倾角对于PDC钻头体积磨损速度的影响非常复杂。作为布齿的重要参数,前倾角与刃倾角的取值会显著影响PDC钻头的性能,对其进行优化与合理取值,有利于提高PDC钻头复合片的使用寿命。本文的方法与结论对于进行PDC钻头复合片失效机理的研究具有参考意义。     

浅谈高中物理概念高效教学的思考与实践

随着新课程的进一步深化,减负增效被越来越多地提起,但是就目前的教学实际来看,大多数老师对于减负增效存在着错误的理解,片面的认为减负仅仅就是减少学生的课业负担或减少学习时间,增效就是提高阶段性考试的成绩和最终高考的成绩.     

线性磁性分子离子中由激光诱导的超快自旋转移

通过由激光诱导的Λ进程,很多分子磁性体系中涉及的退磁、 自旋翻转或自旋转移过程在理论上得以实现.本文针对具有线性构型的磁性分子离子, 应用量子化学从头计算与自编程序相结合的方法,实现了具有线性构型的双磁性中心分子体系 [Fe-O-Co]⁺中基于Λ进程的超快自旋转移,且电子占据的转移率达到90%以上. 本文的理论研究结果表明,采用改变磁场方向的方法来增强体系的磁晶各向异性, 可以避免为提高自旋转移能力而额外增加桥接原子在实际应用中的复杂性, 同时也可明显提高电子占据的转移率.     

Influence of Forbidden Processes on Similarity Law in Argon Glow Discharge at Low Pressure

The similarity law of gas discharge is not always valid due to the occurrence of some elementary processes, such as the stepwise ionization process, which are defined as the forbidden processes. To research the influence of forbidden processes on the similarity law, physical parameters （i.e., the electric field, electron density, electron temperature） in similar gaps are investigated based on the fluid model of gas discharge. The products of gas pressure p and dimensions are kept to be constant in similar gaps and the discharge model is solved with and without the forbidden processes, respectively. Discharges in similar gaps are identified as glow discharges and the typical similarity relations all are investigated. The results show that the forbidden processes cause significant deviations of similarity relations from the theoretical ones and the deviations are enlarged as the scaled-down factor k increases. If the forbidden processes are excluded from the model, the similarity law will be valid in argon glow discharge at low pressure.     

波普的世界3理论及其对现代文明进程的启示

 现代物理学明确地告诉人们:对物质本体世界的认识,必须与主、客体之间的关系联系起来才有可能,或者说只有介入主体因素(知识、理论、观念、思维等)才有可能揭示物质的本体论存在。科学哲学家波普对此类问题深有研究,从而提出了在科学界产生深远影响的“3个世界”的命题。他把研究对象称为世界1,把实践主体称为世界2,把精神产品称为世界3。“3个世界”命题的主要内容是关于世界3的理论,而世界3理论的中心问题是科学知识的增长问题。波普认为科学知识的增长是世界3的客观性和自主性的统一。一个是增长的内在源泉,一个是增长的内在动力。