New CW FIR laser lines obtained in ammonia pumped by a CO2 laser, using the Stark tuning method

We report fifty seven CW FIR emissions observed in NH₃, by resonant pumping with a CO₂ laser. Exact coincidences between IR absorption lines of the gas and emission lines of the CO₂ laser have been carried out by Stark tuning. IR frequency shifts, up to 30 GHz, have allowed the pumping of forty three NH₃ transitions.These FIR emissions correspond to thirty one different wavelengths in the 50–400 m range; eighteen ones of them are new emitted wavelengths by pumping with the CO₂ laser.     

低偏置电流下半导体激光器1/f噪声的相关性

测量了高功率976nm InGaAs量子阱半导体激光器在低于1/30阈值电流下的低频电噪声,提出了以1/f噪声时域信号小波系数相关性与电流的关系来分析噪声来源的方法.结合1/f噪声源理论模型及小波变换系数的特性,完成了不同偏置电流下纯1/f噪声、加白噪声后的1/f噪声两种情况下的对比实验.实验结果表明:所测的低频噪声表现为明显的1/f噪声,对于纯1/f噪声,噪声幅度和小波系数相关性在判断噪声来源时具有相同的结果;对于加白噪声后的1/f噪声,噪声幅度变化很大且不能正确表征1/f噪声来源,而部分尺度下的小波系数相关性仍能作为判断噪声来源的可靠参量.     

用双滤波反馈半导体激光器产生低延时特征的混沌信号

将两个法布里-珀罗干涉仪作为双外腔构成双滤波反馈半导体激光器,获取低延时特征混沌信号,理论研究了反馈时间、反馈强度、滤波器带宽以及滤波器中心频率与激光器中心频率之间的频率失谐对双滤波反馈半导体激光器混沌输出延时特征的影响.研究结果表明:当两个腔的反馈延迟时间之差约等于激光器弛豫振荡周期的一半时,输出混沌信号的延时特征抑制效果相对较好.在此基础上,通过合理选择反馈强度、滤波器带宽、滤波器中心频率与激光器中心频率之间的频率失谐,双滤波反馈半导体激光器输出混沌信号的延时特征被进一步抑制.最后,绘制混沌延时特征在滤波器带宽和频率失谐构成的参量空间的分布图,确定获取低延时特征的混沌信号所需的反馈参量范围.     

TL and OSL dosimetric properties of Opal gemstone for gamma radiation dosimetry

In this work, the response of the natural material Opal was studied in relation to its thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL), after exposure to the gamma radiation of a ⁶⁰Co source. The structure of the powdered Opal was verified using the X-ray diffraction, scanning electronic microscopy and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy techniques. The material, in its stone form, was turned into powder and mixed to Teflon (also in powder) in three different concentrations, and then pellets were manufactured. The aim of this work was to evaluate the response of these pellets in high-doses of gamma radiation beams, and to observe their possible application as dosimeters, using the TL and OSL techniques. The dosimetric properties of the samples were analyzed by means of different tests, as: TL emission curves and OSL signal decay curves, reproducibility of TL and OSL response, minimum detectable dose, TL and OSL dose–response curves (5 Gy–10 kGy), and fading. The results obtained in this work, for the TL and OSL phenomena, demonstrated that the pellets of Opal + Teflon present an adequate performance e possibility of use as dosimeters in beams of high-dose gamma radiation.     

Peculiarities of optically stimulated luminescence in halite

Sodium chloride – NaCl is one of materials indicating strong OSL signal after exposure on ionizing radiation. Previous studies of the OSL response in pure sodium chloride showed coexistence of fading and regeneration of the signal using the newly developed variable delay optically stimulated luminescence technique (VD-OSL). This paper presents investigations of some peculiarities of long time scale OSL properties of rock salt (halite) including sensitization phenomena for various bleaching methods. Dose response characteristics were studied in the range from 200 mGy to 1 Gy for series of halite aliquots without signal bleaching and for single aliquot using zeroing by blue and green light.     

Study of the luminescent behavior of Spectrolite + Teflon pellets in 90Sr + 90Y beams

The Spectrolite, from the silicate family, a variety of Labradorite, was already studied in relation to its thermoluminescence (TL) and optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) responses, in high-dose gamma radiation fields; the results indicated their good application as gamma radiation detectors. In the present work, the analyses performed to investigate powdered Spectrolite are presented, by means of the XRD, SEM and EDX techniques. The luminescent behavior of Spectrolite + Teflon samples, in the concentration of 1:1, was studied in beta radiation beams (⁹⁰Sr + ⁹⁰Y), using the luminescent phenomena of TL and OSL. The results showed adequate TL and OSL reproducibility of the samples; the dose–response curves for both techniques presented a linear behavior in a range from 0.5 Gy to 1 kGy, and the fading showed that after 150 h there were 46.7% and 31.6% of the remaining signal of samples for TL and OSL responses, respectively. Therefore, the Spectrolite + Teflon pellets may be used in beta radiation dosimetry.     

Al2O3:C optically stimulated luminescence droplets: Characterization and applications in medical beams

Optically stimulated luminescence (OSL) detectors, which are widely used in radiation protection, offer a number of potential advantages for radiotherapy dosimetry. In this study we characterized 1-μl of OSL droplets consisting of a mixture of Al₂O₃:C powder and a photo-curable polymer, in addition to results described in a previous work (Nascimento et al., 2013). The concentration test showed that droplets have a higher spatial resolution than other commonly used Al₂O₃:C-based detectors. Our results from the dose response, reproducibility and dependence with accumulative dose were obtained for droplets with a powder/polymer concentration that showed a high Signal to Noise Ratio (SNR) without compromising the droplet malleability. Additional test results show the response of such droplets in percentage depth dose curves and dose profiles of clinical beams.     

基于多层石墨烯可饱和吸收体的被动调Q Ho∶YAG激光器

报道了2μm被动调Q的Ho∶YAG激光器,该激光器采用Tm~(3+)光纤激光器作为泵浦源,使用多层石墨烯作为可饱和吸收体。在连续波激光输出模式下,当泵浦功率为4.2 W时,获得了750 mW激光输出,输出激光中心波长为2.09μm,斜率效率为29.6%。在连续波激光器谐振腔中插入多层石墨烯可饱和吸收体并调整谐振腔,获得了脉冲激光输出。当泵浦功率为4.2 W时,获得最小脉冲宽度3.1μs、重复频率66.6 kHz的脉冲激光输出,其最大平均输出功率为170 mW,斜率效率为12.6%,光束质量因子M_x~2=1.15,M_y~2=1.12。     

A DNA-Stabilized Ag1812+ Cluster with Excitation-Intensity-Dependent Dual Emission

DNA-stabilized silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs) are easily tunable emitters with intriguing photophysical properties. Here, a DNA-AgNC with dual emission in the red and near-infrared (NIR) regions is presented. Mass spectrometry data showed that two DNA strands stabilize 18 silver atoms with a nanocluster charge of 12+. Besides determining the composition and charge of DNA₂[Ag₁₈]¹²⁺, steady-state and time-resolved methods were applied to characterize the picosecond red fluorescence and the relatively intense microsecond-lived NIR luminescence. During this process, the luminescence-to-fluorescence ratio was found to be excitation-intensity-dependent. This peculiar feature is very rare for molecular emitters and allows the use of DNA₂[Ag₁₈]¹²⁺ as a nanoscale excitation intensity probe. For this purpose, calibration curves were constructed using three different approaches based either on steady-state or time-resolved emission measurements. The results showed that processes like thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) or photon upconversion through triplet-triplet annihilation (TTA) could be excluded for DNA₂[Ag₁₈]¹²⁺. We, therefore, speculate that the ratiometric excitation intensity response could be the result of optically activated delayed fluorescence.     

Chiral azabicyclo-N-oxyls mediated enantioselective electrooxidation of sec-alcohols

Enantiomerically pure azabicyclo-N-oxyls were prepared from l-hydroxyproline. They mediated enantioselective electrooxidation of racemic sec-alcohols to afford optically active sec-alcohols with moderate to high s value (up to 21).