电视跟踪测量设备光学系统参数的优化设计

光学系统参数对电视跟踪测量设备的综合性能起着决定性作用。光学参数的选取不仅要满足设备的技术指标要求，还要考虑生产加工和实际使用的需要。从分析像点位移引起测角误差与焦距的关系以及CCD靶面光照度与通光口径的关系着手，用满足信号检测的调制对比度作为判据，探讨光学参数优化设计的方法。     

高速电视图像及其信息的合成与慢速回放技术

基于高速电视文件存储结构,利用VC++对磁盘文件的操作功能,将来自高速电视和跟踪转台的不同形式运动信息合成;利用VC++的DIB访问函数和多媒体定时器实现了合成后信息的慢速回放;弥补了高速电视记录图片信息量不足的缺陷,满足了事后数据处理和实验过程再现的需要.     

自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统与精度建模

为了解决自由曲面光学透镜光学表面面形的高精度测量问题 ,提出了一种可用于自由曲面光学透镜面形测量的图像变换光学曲面面形测量系统。从测量系统的测量原理出发 ,分析了测量过程中各种误差对测量精度的影响 ,推导出了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量误差公式 ,建立了自由曲面光学透镜的图像变换面形测量系统的测量精度数学模型 ,得到了该测量系统具有很高测量精度的结论 ,并且用实验给予验证。     

海洋与大气光学传递函数与自然光辐射场的关系

本文根据海洋辐射传递的变换模型确定海水光学传递函数与海中自然光场辐亮度分布的关系,分析了海中辐射场角频率谱变化。提出一种新的估算海中辐射场分布和测定海水光学传递函数的方法。这种方法完全适用于大气。     

Limitations of the Shack–Hartmann sensor for testing optical aspherics

Aspheric lenses and surfaces are increasingly used in modern high-quality optics. Therefore, new measuring methods for an accurate quantification of these aspheres are also necessary. The current approach to quantify aspheres is to apply null systems such as computer-generated holograms as a part of a null lens in a interferometer. An alternative to this method is the Shack–Hartmann wavefront sensor. The dynamic range of this sensor can be adjusted by the optical parameters of the applied microlens array. Hence, large wavefront aberrations can be measured directly without a null lens. However, there are basic limitations in the dynamic range of a Shack–Hartmann sensor (SHS) depending on the curvature of the incident wavefront. In this paper, an analytical expression to determine the strongest wavefront curvature which can be measured with a defined microlens array of an SHS is derived. It allows to calculate the microlens parameters required to measure the wavefront of a test lens. Particularly, the influence of rotational symmetric aspherical wavefront shapes to the dynamic range of an SHS has been studied. A comparison between interferometry and the SHS has been accomplished. Numerical solutions using scalar diffraction theory illustrate the analytical predictions.     

用数字式冲击电流计测高电阻

介绍了数字式冲击电流计测量高值电阻的原理和方法，对两种冲击电流计的测量进行了比较，阐述了数字式冲击电流计的优点。     

基于数值仿真船体结构毁伤测点布设方法研究

为有效测量水下爆炸作用下船体结构的毁伤程度,优化测点布设,建立了典型舰船有限元模型,运用大型有限元分析软件ABAQUS提供的声固耦合方法,对船体结构在爆炸载荷作用下的冲击响应进行仿真。依据数值仿真结果,分析船体结构薄弱环节,并将这些薄弱环节作为重点测量部位,结合工程实践和海上试验经验,在准确测量结构毁伤的基础上,合理布设传感器测点,研究设计了水下爆炸作用下船体结构毁伤测点布设方法。经海上爆炸试验验证,数值仿真结果与试验测试结果吻合良好,该毁伤测点布设方法设计合理。     

Iterative two-step temporal phase-unwrapping applied to high sensitivity three-dimensional profilometry

Although temporal phase unwrapping method can be applied to solve some problems to measure an object with steep shapes, isolated parts or fringe undersampling in three-dimensional (3D) shape measurement, it needs to acquire and process a sequence of fringe pattern images which would take much time. Servin et al. proposed a 2-step temporal phase unwrapping algorithm, which only needs the 2 extreme phase-maps to achieve exactly the same results as standard temporal unwrapping method. But this method is only validated by computer simulation, shortage of experimental demonstration, its sensitivity coefficient G is limited, and it cannot be used when the G value is larger. We proposed an iterative two-step temporal phase-unwrapping algorithm which is an extension of Servin׳s method. First, add a fringe pattern with an intermediate sensitivity, project the fringe patterns of different sensitivity onto the tested object’s surface, and collect deformed fringe patterns with a CCD camera. Then we obtain the unwrapped phase with larger sensitivity coefficient G by cascading the sensitivity coefficients. And we derive the initial phase conditions of the 2-step temporal phase unwrapping algorithm. Finally, the experimental evaluation is conducted to prove the validity of the proposed method. The results are analyzed and compared with Servin׳s method. The experimental results show that the proposed method can achieve higher sensitivity and more accurate measurement, and it can overcome the main disadvantages encountered by Servin׳s method.     

PDS用于不同温度下的近红外光谱模型传递研究

采用合适的计算方法可降低测定环境对近红外光谱校正模型稳健性的影响。该文以喷气燃料为研究对象,考察了分段直接校正算法对所建模型预测结果的影响,通过选择转移样品数及窗口宽度,建立了最佳的校正模型和光谱转移参数。结果表明,在20℃下建立近红外光谱校正模型,直接预测30℃下喷气燃料的密度,预测集样品均方根误差（RMSEP）为0.2031,而30℃近红外光谱采用分段直接校正算法模型转移后,预测集样品均方根误差（RMSEP）降低为0.1354,预测结果得到明显改善,有效地解决了样品温度对近红外光谱分析结果的影响。     

基于调制相移法的高准确度光纤长度测量技术

为了克服传统调制相移法测量频率范围窄、测量准确度低的缺点,提出一种基于调制相移法的单模光纤长度精确测量技术.利用一体化矢量网络分析仪的高速调制信号同步技术及高频信号相位差测量技术,设计并研制了单模光纤长度测量装置.基于矢量网络分析仪自带的VBA插件编写了自动控制及数据处理软件,给出了相位变化量自动处理方法.利用研制的装置分别测量了长度为2km、40km和150km的单模光纤在不同工作波长点的长度值,实验结果表明,2km的光纤长度测量值实验标准偏差优于0.2mm,150km的光纤长度测量值实验标准偏差接近0.01m.该装置可对1 310nm、1 490nm以及1 550nm波长的光纤距离进行精确测量,为光纤长度的高准确度测量提供了一种新的技术途径.