Self aggregation of binary mixtures of sodium dodecyl sulfate and polyoxyethylene alkyl ethers in aqueous solution

The mixed micelles of sodium dodecyl sulphate (SDS) with Brij35 and Brij 97 were studied separately by fluorescence measurement using pyrene as fluorescent probe. In the range of 0–1.0 mole fraction (X) of added SDS to Brij solutions, the cmc value of the mixed micelles varies from 0.085 to 8 mmol with Brij 35 and 0.04 to 8 mmol with Brij 97. The aggregation number also changes. A measure of the stability of mixed micelles is also presented. The interaction parameter ₁₂ and the chain–chain contribution parameter (B₁) are extracted from the analysis of the results. This parameter B₁ is related to the standard free energy change associated with the introduction of one ionic species into a nonionic micelle coupled with the release of one nonionic species from the micelle. The clouding behaviour of Brij 97 in the presence of SDS was investigated and the associated thermodynamic parameters of clouding were generated and discussed.     

Thermodynamic parameters of interaction of HC1 with alcohols in water Ⅲ.HCl-ethanol-water system at 278.15-318.15 K

Pt,H2(g,p0)HCl(mE)|AgCl-AgPt, H2(g, p0)|HCl(mE), EtOH(mN)|AgCl-Ag have been measured at 10 degree intervals from 278.15 to 318.15 K, where EtOH refers to ethanol, mE=0.005-0.1 mol.kg-1, mN=0.4-1.0 mol.kg-1. The salting constant kS of EtOH by HCl and the thermodynamic parameters of interaction, fEN(gEN> hEN, sEN] cP,EN)> of EtOH with HCI in water have been evaluated. It has been shown that kS>0, gEN>0,hEN>0, SEN>0 ,and cp,EN<0.The signs of these parameters and the temperature dependence of them have been discussed on the basis of structural interaction and the group additivity models.     

THE PARAMETER KERNELS FOR THE LINEAR INVERSION OF THE FREE OSCILLATION OF THE EARTH (Ⅰ)

In the linear inversion of the radial variation of the parameters of the Earth by usingthe observed frequencies of various normal modes of free oscillation of the earth, it is neces-sary to know the values of the kernels of the parameters ρ, μ and λ. This paper describesthe methods of the derivation of the formulas of these kernels. This is the first part of thepaper in which only the toroidal oscillations are considered. They are much simpler thanthose of the spheroidal ones, that we will consider in the second part of the paper. The data of the two types of oscillations are equally important in the solution of theinversion problem, and should be employed simultaneously, and we know that the toroidaloscillations are much simpler than the spheroidal ones, it seems wise to divide the whole programof the inversion problem into steps: first, by employing the toroidal data to correct the twoparameters ρ and μ in the mantle, then by using the spheroidal data to correct the remain-ing parameters, i.e. th     

非晶高聚物对聚(ε-己内酯)在其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物相容共混物中球晶生长速率的影响

本文研究了聚(ε-己内酯)(PCL)在其与苯乙烯-丙烯腈共聚物(SAN)的相容共混物中球晶生长速率与共混组成和结晶温度的关系.发现聚己内酯的球晶生长速率随着SAN的含量增加而下降.由于PCL与SAN是相容共混物,因此在用二次成核动力学方程描述PCL球晶生长速率时,我们引进了相互作用参数X.结果由共混体系的结晶动力学方程计算到的X值与由平衡熔点下降方法计算到的X_(23)值是相同的;而PCL晶体的折叠表面自由能则随着SAN含量的增加而下降.这些结果说明非晶高聚物SAN有碍于PCL球晶的生长.     

有机试剂结构与性质的研究XII有机试剂的pKa与改进的Swain－Lupton参数

有机试剂的ｐＫ０ａ是其重要的物化参数，它是有机试剂酸碱性的度量，决定其配合物的稳定性．根据Ｓｗａｉｎ－Ｌｕｐｔｏｎ的工作，每个取代基的效应可用两个参数：场／诱导效应参数与共振效应参数来描述．本文应用Ｈａｎｓｃｈ改进的参数值研究了ｐＫａ与取代基常数的相关性，建立了下式．ｐＫａ＝ｐＫ０ａ＋ｒ１Ｆ＋ｒ２Ｒ     

Pitzer model parameters for sparingly soluble salts from solubility measurements. The systems TlCl+SrCl2+H2O and TlCl+BaCl2+H2O at 25°C

The solubility of thallium(I) chloride has been determined in aqueous solutions of strontium chloride and barium chloride at concentrations up to 1.5 mol kg^–1. The data were analyzed using Pitzer's equations without making explicit assumption of association to ion pairs by assuming =3 instead of =2, with the ⁽¹⁾ term for TlCl being equivalent to the ⁽²⁾ term for 2-2 electrolytes. Best values of ⁽⁰⁾ and ⁽¹⁾ for TlCl are recommended together with K _s , the activity solubility product. These were used to fit the present solubility data and derive the Pitzer model mixture parameters relevant to the systems, _fTIN and _fTINCl (N=Sr, Ba). Mixture parameters for TlCl+MCl+H₂O systems are also derived to complete the parameter base. The fit of the experimental data was found to be worse when higher-order terms for asymmetrical mixing were included in the analysis. Activity coefficients for thallium(I) chloride in the mixtures are derived.     

固定波长同步荧光光谱参数的理论计算

基于荧光激发光谱和发射光谱对波长呈高斯分布的设定,本文推导出固定波长同步荧光光谱峰峰值位置、相对强度和半峰宽度等3个主要光谱参数的理论计算式。所提出的计算式应用于若干荧光物质光谱参数的计算,并和实测值、文献计算值作了对照。结果表明,和文献计算方法相比,本法与所研究物质的实际光谱参数较为接近,可为固定波长同步荧光光谱参数的理论计算提供一有效方法。     

甘氨酸与氯化碱金属在水中的焓相互作用参数

氨基酸在混合溶液中的热力学性质及相互作用的研究不论对溶液化学还是生命科学都是十分重要的．对此国内已有不少的研究h，’1．利用偿效应的方法研究氨基酸与电解质间的相互作用是很有效的卜一句，但大多数的工作都是在低浓度下研究一个氨基酸分子和一个电解质离子对间的相互作用烩．本文测定了甘氨酸在水中和在LICI、NaCI、KCI的水溶液中的溶解偿，计算出甘氨酸与各个公在水中的偿对相互作用参数和三相互作用参数，并由此讨论了甘氨酸与这些盐的对分子相互作用和三分子相互作用．1实验部分试剂：甘氨酸为ARfa，K甲醇一水重结晶．LI…     

Solvent Effects on the Structure-Activity Relationship of Pharmacological Active 3-Substituted-5,5-Diphenylhydantoins

Absorption spectra of eight 3-substituted-5,5-diphenylhydantoins have been recorded in fourteen solvents in the range 200–400 nm. The effect of solvent dipolarity/polarizability and solvent/solute hydrogen bonding interactions are analyzed by means of the linear solvation energy relationship (LSER) concept proposed by Kamlet and Taft. The lipophilic activity of the investigated hydantoins was estimated by the calculation of log ₁₀ P values with the Advanced Chemistry Development Software. The calculated values of log ₁₀ P were correlated with the ratio of the contributions of specific solvent interactions, and, by employing the linear dependence thus obtained, the pharmacological activity of the studied hydantoin derivatives is discussed.