钯催化多氟代芳烃与简单芳烃的氧化C-H/C-H偶联反应机理

运用密度泛函方法研究了醋酸钯催化的五氟苯与苯的氧化C-H/C-H偶联反应机理. 主要考察了以下四种不同可能机理路径：A 苯C-H活化发生在五氟苯C-H活化前,B 五氟苯C-H活化发生在苯C-H活化前,C 苯C-H活化后与五氟苯银化合物发生转金属化,D 首先五氟苯银化合物与醋酸钯转金属化,然后发生苯的C-HH活化步骤. 计算结果表明,两个反应底物(五氟苯与苯)的C-H活化顺序在不同反应条件下是不同的,其中银盐的存在与否是决定因素. 在无银盐条件下,反应的优势路径是机理B. 在银盐存在条件下,五氟苯银盐与钯中心的配位非常容易,但是其生成的中间体难以引导后续的苯环C-H活化步骤,使得整个反应能垒较高. 因此,银盐的存在使得机理C的能量相对优势,该机理与机理A相似. 计算结果与氢/氘交换实验及动力学同位素效应的实验结果一致.     

Efficient Imine Formation by Oxidative Coupling at Low Temperature Catalyzed by High-Surface-Area Mesoporous CeO2 with Exceptional Redox Property

High-surface-area mesoporous CeO₂ (hsmCeO₂) was prepared by a facile organic-template-induced homogeneous precipitation process and showed excellent catalytic activity in imine synthesis in the absence of base from primary alcohols and amines in air atmosphere at low temperature. For comparison, ordinary CeO₂ and hsmCeO₂ after different thermal treatments were also investigated. XRD, N₂ physisorption, UV-Raman, H₂ temperature-programmed reduction, O₂ temperature-programmed desorption, EPR spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy were used to unravel the structural and redox properties. The hsmCeO₂ calcined at 400 °C shows the highest specific surface area (158 m² g⁻¹), the highest fraction of surface coordinatively unsaturated Ce³⁺ ions (18.2 %), and the highest concentration of reactive oxygen vacancies (2.4×10¹⁵ spins g⁻¹). In the model reaction of oxidative coupling of benzyl alcohol and aniline, such an exceptional redox property of the hsmCeO₂ catalyst can boost benzylideneaniline formation (2.75 and 5.55 mmol h⁻¹ based on >99 % yield at 60 and 80 °C, respectively) in air with no base additives. It can also work effectively at a temperature of 30 °C and in gram-scale synthesis. These are among the best results for all benchmark ceria catalysts in the literature. Moreover, the hsmCeO₂ catalyst shows a wide scope towards primary alcohols and amines with good to excellent yield of imines. The influence of reaction parameters, the reusability of the catalyst, and the reaction mechanism were investigated.     

Electron transport of a quantum wire with spatially periodic spin–orbit coupling

Electron transport properties of an ideal one-dimensional (1D) quantum wire are studied including spatially periodic Rashba spin–orbit coupling (SOC) and Dresselhaus SOC. By comparing with the previous work [S.J. Gong, Z.Q. Yang, J. Phys. Condens. Matter 19 (2007) 446209], two transmission gaps appear in the transmission probability of electrons and their widths are also broadened dramatically. Moreover, it is found that their widths are sensitive not only to the strength of SOCs but also to the length ratio of SOCs segment and non-SOCs segment. In addition, a ‘circle-type’ transmission behavior has been found by tuning the strength of SOCs continuously. Our results may extend the previous work and provide an more effective method to manipulate the current in nanoelectric devices.     

Application of the multireference equation of motion coupled cluster method,including spin–orbit coupling,to the atomic spectra of Cr,Mn, Fe and Co

The recently introduced multireference equation of motion (MR-EOM) approach is combined with a simple treatment of spin–orbit coupling, as implemented in the ORCA program. The resulting multireference equation of motion spin–orbit coupling (MR-EOM-SOC) approach is applied to the first-row transition metal atoms Cr, Mn, Fe and Co, for which experimental data are readily available. Using the MR-EOM-SOC approach, the splittings in each L-S multiplet can be accurately assessed (root mean square (RMS) errors of about 70 cm^?1). The RMS errors for J-specific excitation energies range from 414 to 783 cm^?1 and are comparable to previously reported J-averaged MR-EOM results using the ACESII program. The MR-EOM approach is highly efficient. A typical MR-EOM calculation of a full spin–orbit spectrum takes about 2 CPU hours on a single processor of a 12-core node, consisting of Intel XEON 2.93 GHz CPUs with 12.3 MB of shared cache memory.