疏水界面上标准蛋白质吸附等温线的研究

测定了几种具有代表性的标准蛋白质在疏水色谱填料上的吸附等温线.除溶菌酶和牛血清白蛋白的吸附近似呈线性外,细胞色素-c、肌红蛋白、胰岛素、α-淀粉酶和卵清蛋白均呈凸型吸附.用Langmuir、计量置换吸附模型(SDM-A)、BET和Jovanovic吸附模型对这些蛋白的吸附等温线拟合后发现,SDM-A关系式能够良好描述这7种蛋白的吸附,Langmuir关系仅能较好地描述后5种蛋白质的吸附.而Jovanovic和BET关系式对上述两类蛋白质吸附的描述欠妥.实验发现对于不同盐浓度条件下卵清蛋白的吸附,用SDM-A和Langmuir公式拟合所得的参数与盐浓度之间呈现出一定的规律性.     

反硝化细菌法结合痕量气体分析仪/同位素比质谱仪分析水体硝酸盐氮同位素组成

建立了反硝化细菌法结合疫量气体分析仪(TraceGas)/同位素比质谱仪分析水体硝酸盐氮同位素组成的方法.对反硝化细菌生长、培养条件和方法的精密度及稳定性进行了分析,并利用标准样品USGS34研究了样品反硝化孵育时间、TraceGas捕集N2O气体时间对δ15N测定的影响.结果表明:恰当的氧气量才能培养出有效的反硝化细菌;本方法精密度及稳定性较好,同一制备时间内硝酸盐δ15N的SD在0.09‰～0.14‰之间,6个月内SD为0.12‰;样品反硝化孵育3～24 h可以得到稳定的δ15N; TraceGas捕集时间为500 s时得到的δ15N校正值与真实值最接近.应用本方法对养殖场污水和灌溉井水的硝酸盐δ15N进行了测定.     

Rapid monitoring of grapevine reserves using ATR–FT-IR and chemometrics

Predictions of grapevine yield and the management of sugar accumulation and secondary metabolite production during berry ripening may be improved by monitoring nitrogen and starch reserves in the perennial parts of the vine. The standard method for determining nitrogen concentration in plant tissue is by combustion analysis, while enzymatic hydrolysis followed by glucose quantification is commonly used for starch. Attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR–FT-IR) combined with chemometric modelling offers a rapid means for the determination of a range of analytes in powdered or ground samples. ATR–FT-IR offers significant advantages over combustion or enzymatic analysis of samples due to the simplicity of instrument operation, reproducibility and speed of data collection. In the present investigation, 1880 root and wood samples were collected from Shiraz, Semillon and Riesling vineyards in Australia and Germany. Nitrogen and starch concentrations were determined using standard analytical methods, and ATR–FT-IR spectra collected for each sample using a Bruker Alpha instrument. Samples were randomly assigned to either calibration or test data sets representing two thirds and one third of the samples respectively. Signal preprocessing included extended multiplicative scatter correction for water and carbon dioxide vapour, standard normal variate scaling with second derivative and variable selection prior to regression. Excellent predictive models for percent dry weight (DW) of nitrogen (range: 0.10–2.65% DW, median: 0.45% DW) and starch (range: 0.25–42.82% DW, median: 7.77% DW) using partial least squares (PLS) or support vector machine (SVM) analysis for linear and nonlinear regression respectively, were constructed and cross validated with low root mean square errors of prediction (RMSEP). Calibrations employing SVM-regression provided the optimum predictive models for nitrogen (R² = 0.98 and RMSEP = 0.07% DW) compared to PLS regression (R² = 0.97 and RMSEP = 0.08% DW). The best predictive models for starch was obtained using PLS regression (R² = 0.95 and RSMEP = 1.43% DW) compared to SVR (R² = 0.95; RMSEP = 1.56% DW). The RMSEP for both nitrogen and starch is below the reported seasonal flux for these analytes in Vitis vinifera. Nitrogen and starch concentrations in grapevine tissues can thus be accurately determined using ATR–FT-IR, providing a rapid method for monitoring vine reserve status under commercial grape production.     

等离子体聚合成膜中的活性粒子模拟分析

针对等离子体聚合成膜实验中的活性粒子的能量及空间分布问题,运用电磁场理论和Ｍｏｎｔｅ Ｃａｒｌｏ方法模拟分析氢、氧、氮直流辉光放电等离子体中的活性粒子的运动,得出其能量分布图和空间密度分布图,并与离子活性能量范围相比较,从而得出结论：在氢、氧等离子体中有足够多的活性离子可以参与和单体分子的物理化学反应,成膜较快;在氮等离子体中,达到活性粒子能量范围的离子相当少,成膜较慢。     

氮分析仪法测定单基无烟药中硝化棉的含氮量

建立了一种新的氮分析法分析单基药中硝化棉的含氮量。单基药试样预处理后，可直接进行氮的测定。相对标准偏差＜0．6％，回收率为99．2％－100．8％，结果满意。该法简单、快速、精密度和准确度高、无毒、安全。     

环氧树脂/三乙硫醇胺固化反应行为的研究

用差热式扫描量热仪 (DSC)对双酚 A环氧 (DGEBA) 三乙硫醇胺自催化固化体系的固化反应过程进行分析 ,并根据Kissinger和Ozawa方法分别求得体系固化反应的表观活化能ΔE为 4 1.35和 4 6 .6kJ mol;根据Crane等理论计算得到该体系的固化反应级数n =0 .84及指前因子A =7.4 3× 10 3(s- 1 ) ;同时利用FTIR在位跟踪固化反应过程特征官能团吸收峰的变化 ,确定了最佳固化反应工艺条件 :T凝胶 =80℃ ,T固化 =12 0℃ ,T后处理 =16 0℃     

石墨相氮化碳的红外辅助微波法制备及光催化固氮性能

采用红外辅助微波法制备了可见光下具有优越固氮性能的石墨相氮化碳催化剂(g-C3N4).采用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、氮气吸附、紫外-可见光谱(UV-Vis)、荧光光谱(PL)、N2-程序升温脱附(TPD)和电子顺磁共振谱(EPR)等对催化剂进行了表征.结果表明,微波处理在催化剂表面形成许多孔状结构,增大了催化剂的比表面积,抑制了催化剂光生电子-空穴的复合;微波处理还会产生大量氮空穴,这些氮空穴一方面可以吸附并活化氮气分子,另一方面可提升电荷从催化剂到氮气分子的界面转移能力,显著提高催化剂的光催化固氮性能.采用红外辅助微波法制备的g-C3N4催化剂比采用单纯微波法制备的催化剂具有更多的氮空穴,表现出更高的光催化固氮性能.     

基于非线性拟合的污泥衍生吸附剂对铅子等温吸附特性研究

利用城市污水厂污泥制取污泥衍生吸附剂,对溶液中铅离子进行吸附实验,研究一定条件下的等温吸附特性。利用线性拟合和非线性拟合两种方法对等温吸附方程进行模拟,得到非线性拟合求得的模型参数比较可靠,同时得到Langmuir模型比Freundlich方程更适合于描述铅离子在污泥衍生吸附剂表面上的吸附行为。     

Synthesis of aminobenzoxazoles via simple,clean and efficient electrochemical redox reactions

An efficient single step process for the construction of pharmaceutically relevant substituted aminobenzoxazoles have been described in this report. Various electrodes and electrolytes combinations have been carried out to harvest optimum coupling results. The presented CN bond formation reaction methodology has applied for the synthesis of biologically active compounds. This methodology saves reaction steps over traditional functionalization reactions.