Nanoparticle-Coated Silicon Nanowires

The synthesis of silicon nanowires that are densely coated with silicon nanoparticles is reported. These structures were produced in a two-step process, using a method known as hypersonic plasma particle deposition. In the first step, a Ti–Si nanoparticle film was deposited. In the second step the Ti-source was switched off, and nanoparticle-coated nanowires grew under the simultaneous action of Si vapor deposition and bombardment by Si nanoparticles. Total process time, including both steps, equaled 5 min, and resulted in formation of a dense network of randomly oriented nanowires covering1.5 cm² of substrate area. The nanowires are composed of single-crystal Si. The diameters of the nanowires vary over the range 100–800 nm. Each nanowire has a crystalline TiSi₂ catalyst particle, believed to have been solid during nanowire growth, at its tip.     

燃料电池:从电催化到关键材料

介绍了在燃料电池关键材料与电催化方面的一些研究进展,特别是理论计算与实验研究相结合对燃料电池催化剂构效关系和聚合物电解质的研究.主要内容包括1 nm Pt颗粒的构效关系;Pd催化活性的电子调控与形貌剪裁;以及使用非贵金属催化剂的碱性聚合物电解质燃料电池研究等.     

粘土担载的钼基催化剂的制备、结构及CO加氢合成醇性能

采用溶胶凝胶法与等体积浸渍相结合制备了一系列以粘土为载体的K-Co-Mo催化剂. 采用XRD、N₂等温吸脱附、H_{26+的还原,但对Mo⁴⁺和Co²⁺的还原没有明显的影响. 催化剂经还原后,在其表面生成了一种更低价态的Mo^δ+(1<δ<4)物种,被认为是合成醇的活性中心. 与非负载催化剂相比,粘土担载的K-Co-Mo具有更高的合成醇性能. 负载型催化剂具有较高的活性物种分散度,并且其介孔结构在一定程度上延长了合成醇反应中间体的滞留时间,从而促进了低碳醇的生成. 经773 K还原的催化剂具有较高的活性,其原因可为催化剂表面具有较高含量的Mo^δ+物种.}     

催化剂薄层内甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化管内对流换热的数值模拟

本文以竖直圆管内壁催化剂薄层内发生甲烷水蒸气重整反应强化对流换热作为研究对象,对其进行了数值模拟．结果发现,催化剂薄层内的吸热化学反应可以有效地强化对流换热,降低流体和壁面温度,从而对壁面起到保护作用;极限热流密度的大小与流体的入口温度有关,存在最佳入口温度使极限热流密度最大．     

CO激光器的发展及潜在应用

本文描述CO激发器的发展及潜在应用。叙述工业用预冷气流激光器,气动激光器和外科用水冷管式激光器。概述三种类型的预电离TEA CO激光器及电子束控制CO激光器。最后介绍CO激光器选用的贵金属催化剂。     

Advanced Materials Processing by Adsorption Control

Precise control and knowledge of surface structures are essential inorder to meet the requirements of today's and future materials. One possiblegrowth technique capable of meeting the requirements is atomic layer epitaxy(ALE). ALE is based on sequentially applied saturated gas-solid reactions,which provide the means for adsorption controlled material deposition atatomic layer level. In this paper the potentiality of the use of porousmaterials in a detailed study of adsorption controlled growth is discussed.At the same time the study promotes the application of adsorption controlledmaterials processing for advanced catalysts manufacturing.     

Mechanism of heterogeneous mercury oxidation by HCl on V2O5(001) surface

The selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system for NO_X removal in coal-fired power plants has a promoting effect on the oxidation and removal of elemental mercury. In this study, basic mechanism of mercury oxidation by V₂O₅-based SCR catalyst is investigated via density functional theory method and the periodic slab models. Calculations are conducted to determine the adsorption energies and geometries of Hg⁰, HgCl, HgCl₂ and HCl on V₂O₅(001) surface, and to reveal the energy profile of oxidation reaction and the structures of relative transition states and intermediates. The results indicate that HCl can significantly promote Hg⁰ oxidation on V₂O₅(001) surface, by forming an intermediate HgCl-surface which is important for Hg⁰ oxidation. The Hg⁰ oxidation goes through Hg⁰ → HgCl → HgCl₂, and the two stages of the reaction follow Eley–Rideal mechanism and Langmuir-Hinshelwood mechanism, respectively. The formation of HgCl₂ is the rate-determining step due to its high energy barrier. Three detailed reaction pathways are obtained, and the related energy profiles and structures are analyzed in detail. The Hg⁰ oxidation reaction can take place through all three pathways even if differences exist in each other, while pathways I and II have relatively low energy barriers.     

Heteroepitaxial praseodymium sesquioxide films on Si(1 1 1): A new model catalyst system for praseodymium oxide based catalysts

The structure, growth and stoichiometry of heteroepitaxial Pr₂O₃ films on Si(1 1 1) were characterized by a combined RHEED, XRD, XPS and UPS study in view of future applications as a surface science model catalyst system. RHEED and XRD confirm the growth of a (0 0 0 1) oriented hexagonal Pr₂O₃ phase on Si(1 1 1), matching the surface symmetry by aligning the oxide in-plane direction along the Si azimuth. After an initial nucleation stage RHEED growth oscillation studies point to a Frank-van der Merwe growth mode up to a thickness of approximately 12 nm. XPS and UPS prove that the initial growth of the Pr₂O₃ layer on Si up to ∼1 nm thickness is characterized by an interface reaction with Si. Nevertheless stoichiometric Pr₂O₃ films of high crystalline quality form on top of these Pr-silicate containing interlayers.     

Preparation of nanosized ZnO using α brass

Nanosized ZnOs were synthesized on the surface of α brass coated a film of nickel catalyst at 500-700 °C under atmosphere of O₂ and CH₄ gases. The nanosized ZnOs have shapes including pillar, leaf, sheet and rod, which were determined by the synthesis temperature and the flow rates of O₂ and CH₄ gases. The nanosized ZnOs were characterized by electron microscopy including transmission electron microscope for crystal structure, morphology and high resolution images, both field emission scanning electron microscope and scanning electron microscope for morphology, and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope equipped in electron microscope for chemical composition. A mechanism was proposed for the growth of nanosized ZnO obtained in this work.     

催化剂对纳米非晶碳膜场发射性能的影响

利用微波等离子体增强化学气相沉积(MPECVD)法,在经处理的单晶硅衬底上沉积了纳米非晶碳薄膜.通过Raman、SEM、XRD表征,研究了催化剂对纳米非晶碳膜的生长速率及场发射性能的影响.结果表明,在制备纳米非晶碳膜时使用FeC13,作为催化剂可大幅提高其生长速率.在相同的制备条件下,与未加FeCl3催化剂制备的纳米非...