扶手椅型石墨烯介观环中的持续电流

在紧束缚近似下, 解析求解了扶手椅型边界石墨烯介观环的能量本征值问题, 计算和讨论了不同大小尺寸的介观环中持续电流随Aharonov-Bohm (A-B)磁通的变化, 并证明了能级和持续电流关于磁通变化的周期性和特殊对称性. 研究表明, 持续电流显著地依赖于介观环的几何结构; 零能量附近的能级可以承载较大的持续电流, 而远离零能量的其他能级对持续电流的贡献很小.     

镁铝类水滑石对阳离子染料中性红的吸附及机理研究

研究了镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附及其作用机理,考察了时间、pH、温度、电解质浓度等因素对吸附作用的影响。结果表明,镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附动力学符合准二级动力学方程,热力学符合Langmuir吸附等温式。在实验范围内,吸附量随溶液pH的增大而增加,随温度的升高而降低,随电解质浓度的增加先增加后降低。吸附过程是放热、熵减小的自发过程。镁铝类水滑石对中性红的吸附缘于为类水滑石与中性红分子中π电子的较强静电吸引作用。     

Separation of neutral and basic enantiomers by cyclodextrin electrokinetic chromatography using anionic cyclodextrin derivatives as chiral pseudo-stationary phases

Separations of neutral and basic racemates were performed using five different anionic cyclodextrin (CD) derivatives as chiral selectors, viz. carboxymethylated β-CD, β-CD phosphate sodium salt, sulfobutyl ether β-CD sodium salt, carboxymethylated γ-CD, and γ-CD phosphate sodium salt. For the separation of neutral racemates, an untreated fused silica capillary was employed and various neutral racemates were successfully separated. Since the pH of the buffer affected the electroosmotic flow (EOF), the resolution was improved by changing the buffer pH. A polyacrylamide coated capillary was employed for the separation of basic racemates to suppress EOF and to prevent adsorption of cationic analyte on the capillary surface. By choosing an appropriate type and concentration of anionic CD, about 40 basic racemates were successfully separated. Some rough binding constants of basic analytes with an anionic β-CD were measured to discuss the optimum concentration of the CD. The migration direction was dependent on the binding constants and the concentration of the CD. The analyte strongly bound to the anionic CD migrated towards the anode but the weakly bound one moved towards the cathode. Anionic γ-CDs were also very useful for the separation of basic enantiomers. Five neutral CDs were employed as chiral selectors to compare selectivity between charged and neutral CDs, and eleven racemates could only be resolved using anionic CDs. The separation of some basic racemates in human plasma was also described. The direct injection of plasma samples was possible for some enantiomers that did not interact strongly with plasma proteins.     

中性红分光光度法测定肝素钠的研究

在pH 3.0的Britton-Robinson(B-R)缓冲溶液中,中性红与肝素钠相互作用形成复合物而导致溶液吸收光谱发生变化,用分光光度法对光谱变化进行了研究。 中性红溶液在523 nm处有一个强的特征吸收峰,当在其溶液中加入肝素钠后,溶液发生褪色现象,吸收峰强度降低,且没有新的吸收峰出现,吸光度差值(ΔA)与肝素钠的浓度成正比。 对结合反应的条件进行了优化,在最佳条件下利用溶液吸光度值的降低与肝素钠浓度的关系建立了一种测定肝素钠浓度的新方法,测定的线性范围为0.10～15.0 mg·L-1,表观摩尔吸光系数ε=2.037×106 L·mol-1·cm-1,检测限(3σ)为0.073 mg·L-1。 将该方法应用于肝素钠注射液效价的测定,结果令人满意。 用摩尔比法对复合物的结合比进行了推算,两者形成1∶3的复合物。     

双安息香缩三乙四胺双核钴硫氰酸根的离子电极研究

季铵盐型阴离子选择性电极由于其电位选择性往往表现出Hofmeister顺序,故使其应用受到限制,因此,研究呈现反Hofmeister行为的阴离子选择性电极已成为离子电极研究领域中重要的研究方向之一。近年来,人们研制出了以金属配合物为中性载体且呈现反Hofmeister行为的阴离子选择电极,本实验室也分别研究了以Schiff碱金属配合物及二氮杂四烯基金属配合物为载体的碘离子和水杨酸根离子电极,但上述电极多数是以单核金属配合物为载体,以双核金属配合物作为载体的电极则很少。     

ELECTRICAL AND MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF POLYANILINE FILMS——EFFECT OF NEUTRAL SALTS ADDED DURING POLYMERIZATION*

The electrical and mechanical properties of polyaniline (PANI) films syn-thesized by the presence of the selected neutral salts in the polymerization were measuredas a function of the properties and the concentration of the selected neutral salts, andthe protonation state. It was found that both the electrical and mechanical properties ofPANI films were enhanced by adding neutral salts in the polymerization. The adding ofthe neutral salts in the polymerization resulted in extended conformation of polymer chainand increasing of molecular weight of PANI, which may be the reasons why the electricaland mechanical properties of PANI films were improved by the presence of neutral salts inthe polymerization.     

Investigation of the interaction of DNA and neutral red by?uorescence spectroscopic analysis

The binding characteristics of neutral red (NR) with DNA were investigated by fluorescence spectrometry. Chemometrics approach as singular value decomposition (SVD) was used to evaluate the number of spectral species in the drug-DNA binding process, and then the intrinsic binding constant of 1.6 104 in base pairs and the binding site number of 0.97 were obtained from the Scatchard plot.     

曙红-中性红荧光能量转移抑制法测定肝素

在pH 6.65的Britton-Robinson (B-R)缓冲溶液中, 酸性染料曙红(EY)与碱性染料中性红(NR)之间由于静电吸引而能够发生有效的能量转移, 使得能量受体NR荧光增强, 同时能量给体EY的荧光猝灭. 而肝素的加入对该荧光体系间的能量转移产生了明显的抑制作用, 随肝素量的增加EY荧光依次增强, 由此建立了测定微量肝素的新方法. 结果表明, 肝素在0.1～2.0 mg/L范围内与EY的荧光增强程度呈良好的线性关系. 方法检出限0.071 mg/L, 用于肝素钠注射液中肝素钠效价的测定, 6次平行测定相对标准偏差1.4%～3.6%, 回收率95.2%～105.3%.     

活性炭基Li2SO4水系电解液超级电容器

采用中性Li2SO4水溶液代替H2SO4和KOH作为电解液制备了活性炭(AC)基对称型超级电容器,使水系超级电容器的工作电压由1.0V提高到了1.6V.采用循环伏安和充放电测试研究了电容器的稳定电化学窗口.电化学充放电测试表明电容器在0.25A.g-1电流密度下单电极比容量可达129F.g-1,在功率密度为160W.kg-1时能量密度达到10Wh.kg-1(以正负极活性物质的总质量计).1.6V恒压充电1h后电容器漏电流为0.22mA.超级电容器的库仑效率接近100%,充放电循环5000次后容量仍可保持在92%以上.研究了电解液的浓度对电容器电化学性能的影响,发现随着Li2SO4浓度的增大电容器的电荷转移电阻显著减小,大电流充放电性能提高.活性炭基Li2SO4水系电解液超级电容器具有工作电压高、能量密度高和对环境友好等优点,因此有很好的产业化前景.     

Determination of the n‐octanol/water partition coefficients of weakly ionizable basic compounds by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography with neutral model compounds

A strategy to utilize neutral model compounds for lipophilicity measurement of ionizable basic compounds by reversed‐phase high‐performance liquid chromatography is proposed in this paper. The applicability of the novel protocol was justified by theoretical derivation. Meanwhile, the linear relationships between logarithm of apparent n‐octanol/water partition coefficients (logK_ow′′) and logarithm of retention factors corresponding to the 100% aqueous fraction of mobile phase (logk_w) were established for a basic training set, a neutral training set and a mixed training set of these two. As proved in theory, the good linearity and external validation results indicated that the logK_ow′′–logk_w relationships obtained from a neutral model training set were always reliable regardless of mobile phase pH. Afterwards, the above relationships were adopted to determine the logK_ow of harmaline, a weakly dissociable alkaloid. As far as we know, this is the first report on experimental logK_ow data for harmaline (logK_ow = 2.28 ± 0.08). Introducing neutral compounds into a basic model training set or using neutral model compounds alone is recommended to measure the lipophilicity of weakly ionizable basic compounds especially those with high hydrophobicity for the advantages of more suitable model compound choices and convenient mobile phase pH control.