150 fs~10 ps脉宽下熔石英激光损伤的仿真与分析

基于约化电子数密度增长速率方程,建立了熔石英导带电子数密度随脉冲持续时间变化的模型。利用电子数临界密度这一概念,得到了150 fs~10 ps脉宽下,熔石英激光损伤阈值范围。分析表明,5~10 ps,雪崩电离仍然起主要作用,而光致电离提供的初始电子使雪崩电离不再依赖材料原有的初始电子;当脉宽减小到约为4 ps时,光致电离与雪崩电离作用相等;之后,光致电离起主要作用。通过仿真出的损伤阈值拟合,得到了该脉宽区间下新的脉宽定律：熔石英的损伤阈值正比于脉宽的0.38次方;考虑温度对熔石英损伤阈值的影响,熔石英的损伤阈值正比于脉宽的0.34次方。     

连续波多普勒引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应

为了研究雷电电磁脉冲场对连续波多普勒引信安全性能的影响,确定引信的能量耦合通道和效应规律,构建了引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照试验系统,并开展了该引信雷电电磁脉冲辐照效应试验。试验结果表明：受试引信最佳能量耦合姿态为引信竖直向上,弹体轴线与辐射场传播方向垂直,三角环天线平面垂直于辐射场传播方向; 主要能量耦合通道为弹体; 不同辐照波形下引信的临界干扰场强不同,在配用152 mm弹体时,1.2/50,5.4/70,0.25/100和10/350 s波形的临界干扰场强分别约为74,60,65和75 kV/m。雷电电磁脉冲对受试引信的作用机理为：辐射能量通过弹体耦合到执行电路输入端,由于感应信号脉冲宽度满足触发脉冲宽度的最低要求,从而推动引信执行电路误动作。     

脉冲微波对雄性大鼠生殖系统及其子代的影响

采用2.71 GHz脉冲微波（脉冲场强为48 kV/m,脉宽为750 ns,脉冲个数分别为200个1次、200个10次、200个20次）辐照SD雄性大鼠和孕鼠,利用流式细胞术、计算机辅助精子分析系统及水迷宫实验分别检测了精子发生过程中生精细胞DNA损伤情况、附睾内精子活力参数变化及子代学习记忆功能。结果表明：2.71 GHz脉冲微波单次辐照会对雄性大鼠的生精过程产生一定的影响,但对附睾内精子质量无明显影响,而多次辐照对精子质量的影响具有累积效应;亲代大鼠在受照后,其子代的生长在短期会受阻,且学习、记忆能力也会受到一定的影响。     

XeCl准分子激光能量提取研究

在高功率准分子激光系统建设中,希望能获得较短的脉冲宽度和尽量多的激光能量。实验研究了不同注入水平下,脉冲时间间隔对脉冲链放大波形和放大器提取效率的影响;基于四能级速率方程和准分子反应动力学建立了准分子激光放大模型,计算了多种注入方式下种子光的放大过程,对关键参数给出了量化描述,得到与实验相符的计算结果。研究结果显示:脉冲序列间隔为9.3 ns时,可获得约95%的连续注入情形下放大能量;对该准分子激光系统来讲,9.3 ns是比较合适的脉冲间隔。     

13 μs,200 ns和2 ns脉冲电场对酵母菌杀灭效果分析

研究了脉冲宽度对高压脉冲下细胞膜和细胞器膜跨膜电压的影响及细胞膜能量的变化,以及13 s,200 ns和2 ns脉冲对酿酒酵母（CICC31180）杀灭作用时脉冲数的影响。结果表明,随着脉冲数增加,13 s,200 ns和2 ns脉冲对啤酒酵母的灭杀效果均增强。在13 s脉宽,14 kV电压和50个脉冲数下,酵母达到最小存活率-4.3个对数;在200 ns脉宽,40 kV电压和500个脉冲数下,酵母达到存活率-2.6个对数;在2 ns脉宽,200 kV电压和500个脉冲数下,酵母达到存活率-2.8个对数。三种脉冲对酵母菌杀灭的存活率对数与脉冲数的关系表现不是线性的,脉冲数增加到一定程度,存活率下降变缓。在同等灭杀效果-2.0个对数下,2 ns脉冲比13 s脉冲在同轴电极中损耗的能量更少。     

血液-血管耦合特性与脉搏波传播特性的关系

脉搏波既不可简单地理解为可压缩血液流体中的压力纵波,也不可简单地理解为沿固体血管传播的涨缩位移横波,而是超乎普通想象的流-固耦合和纵波-横波耦合的复杂波。从分析耦合本构关系的新途径出发,本文中提出了一个流-固耦合/纵波-横波耦合的串联模型,可为解读“位数形势”中医脉诊提供更丰富的信息。结果表明,脉搏波耦合系统的等效体积压缩模量K_s以及相应的耦合系统脉搏波传播速度c_s主要依赖于两个无量纲参数：血液-血管模量比K_b(p)/E(p)和薄壁血管径厚比D(p)/h₀,它们因人而异、因人的不同脉搏位置而异。文中定量分析了它们对c_s的影响,显示人体的K_b/E值在10³数量级,从而c_s值在10⁰～10¹ m/s数量级,以适应人体生理生化反应。由临床有创测量,证实脉搏体积横波与脉搏压力纵波是相耦合地以相同速度传播;还显示脉搏波是在其波阵面上具有氧合生化反应的“生物波”。此外,还讨论了“脉压放大”现象与非线性本构关系和与血管分叉处加载增强反射之间的关系,并讨论了Lewis关于重搏波形成的假设。

     

利用收音机制作激光通信演示器

本文介绍了一种利用学生在电子技术实验课中自己组装的收音机,稍加改造而制作的一种简单适用、并且效果很好的激光通信演示器。     

青霉素对乳酸-丙酮-溴酸钾-硫酸锰-硫酸开放化学振荡体系的扰动

在连续搅拌反应器(CSTR)中,利用分析物脉冲微扰技术(APP)研究了青霉素对锰离子催化Belousov-Zhabotinsky(B-Z)开放化学振荡体系的影响。结果表明,青霉素浓度在2.97×10-7～5.50×10-5mol/L范围内,周期和振幅的变化率与所加入青霉素浓度的负对数呈良好的线性关系,相关系数分别为0.9981和0.9985;检出限为5.9×10-8mol/L。所建立的方法简便易行,每小时可进样15次。对可能的反应机理也进行了讨论。锰属于生命元素,在体内参与生物酶的合成与转化,研究青霉素对锰催化振荡反应体系的扰动对于理解生命运动更为有利。     

A Fault Detection Method for Electrohydraulic Switch Machine Based on Oil-Pressure-Signal-Sectionalized Feature Extraction

A turnout switch machine is key equipment in a railway, and its fault condition has an enormous impact on the safety of train operation. Electrohydraulic switch machines are increasingly used in high-speed railways, and how to extract effective fault features from their working condition monitoring signal is a difficult problem. This paper focuses on the sectionalized feature extraction method of the oil pressure signal of the electrohydraulic switch machine and realizes the fault detection of the switch machine based on this method. First, the oil pressure signal is divided into three stages according to the working principle and action process of the switch machine, and multiple features of each stage are extracted. Then the max-relevance and min-redundancy (mRMR) algorithm is applied to select the effective features. Finally, the mini batch k-means method is used to achieve unsupervised fault diagnosis. Through experimental verification, this method can not only derive the best sectionalization mode and feature types of the oil pressure signal, but also achieve the fault diagnosis and the prediction of the status of the electrohydraulic switch machine.     

Entropy Could Quantify Brain Activation Induced by Mechanical Impedance-Restrained Active Arm Motion: A Functional NIRS Study

Brain activation has been used to understand brain-level events associated with cognitive tasks or physical tasks. As a quantitative measure for brain activation, we propose entropy in place of signal amplitude and beta value, which are widely used, but sometimes criticized for their limitations and shortcomings as such measures. To investigate the relevance of our proposition, we provided 22 subjects with physical stimuli through elbow extension-flexion motions by using our exoskeleton robot, measured brain activation in terms of entropy, signal amplitude, and beta value; and compared entropy with the other two. The results show that entropy is superior, in that its change appeared in limited, well established, motor areas, while signal amplitude and beta value changes appeared in a widespread fashion, contradicting the modularity theory. Entropy can predict increase in brain activation with task duration, while the other two cannot. When stimuli shifted from the rest state to the task state, entropy exhibited a similar increase as the other two did. Although entropy showed only a part of the phenomenon induced by task strength, it showed superiority by showing a decrease in brain activation that the other two did not show. Moreover, entropy was capable of identifying the physiologically important location.