Magnetic properties of YCo5 (70%wt)+Y2Co17 (30%wt) nanocomposite powders at low temperatures

Nanostructured YCo₅ (70%wt)+Y₂Co₁₇ (30%wt) composite powders were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent annealing at 1073 K for 1.5 min. The average grain size D of the YCo₅ and Y₂Co₁₇ phases, obtained from XRD data, was 14 and 12 nm, respectively. The temperature dependence of the magnetic properties was studied by DC magnetization measurements at temperatures T ranging from 3 to 300 K. Hysteresis loops (H_max=70 kOe) show that both the coercivity H_C and the squareness σ_r/σ_max are temperature-dependent. The coercivity increases from 12 kOe at room temperature to 18 kOe at T=3 K. The observed enhanced remanence (σ_r/σ_max>0.5) indicates that a strong exchange coupling is present at all temperatures used in this study. The maximum magnetization σ_max changes little with temperature and has a value of about 70% of the effective saturation magnetization of the title compound.     

Elongated hexagonal ZnO micro-fence optical resonator

A highly symmetric ZnO micro-fence is prepared to form an optical resonator, which a symmetric array consisting of six elongated hexagonal microcolumns. It is found that the luminescence emission could be enhanced at the edge of ZnO micro-fence and the wavelength dependent light intensity could be influenced by its geometry. The optical characterization along with theoretical calculations and computer simulation analysis suggest that the Fabry-Perot and Cross-whispering gallery modes are generated in ZnO micro-fence. The individual ZnO micro-fence can regarded as an optical resonator structure. Furthermore, it is proposed that the source concentration around the substrate during the growth is a crucial factor for forming such a micro-fence.     

氢稀释对纳米晶硅薄膜晶化特性的影响及薄膜生长机理

以SiH₄与H₂作为前驱气体,采用射频等离子增强化学气相沉积技术制备了纳米晶硅薄膜.利用Raman散射和红外吸收光谱等技术,对不同氢稀释比条件下薄膜的微观结构和键合特性进行了研究.结果表明,随着氢稀释比增加,薄膜的晶化率明显提高,而氢稀释比过高时,薄膜晶化率呈现减少趋势.红外吸收光谱分析表明,纳米晶硅薄膜中氢的键合模式与薄膜的晶化特性密切相关.随着氢稀释比增加,薄膜中整体氢含量和SiH₂键合密度明显减少,而在高氢稀释比条件下,氢稀释比增加导致薄膜中SiH₂键合密度和整体氢含量增加.     

High coercivity nanocrystalline YCo5 powders produced by mechanical milling

High coercivity nanostructured YCo₅ powders were successfully prepared by mechanical milling of as-cast alloys and subsequent vacuum annealing. Almost single phase YCo₅ alloys, obtained by arc melting, were processed by high energy mechanical milling using a SPEX 8000 mill. After 4 h of milling, powders become nearly amorphous. DSC scans revealed the existence of an irreversible broad exothermic transition with a maximum at 516 °C associated with the crystallization process. Annealing in high vacuum at 800 °C during 2.5 min led to the formation of YCo₅ nanoparticles with an average particle size of 12 nm. A high intrinsic coercivity of 7.23 kOe together with a σ_r/σ_s ratio of 0.75 were obtained.     

Preparation of chemically deposited thin films of CdS/PbS solar cell

The present paper reports the preparation of a solar cell which has a cross-sectional scheme: ITO/CdS/PbS, containing a commercially transparent conductive ITO; chemically deposited n-type CdS (340 nm) and absorbed layer of p-type PbS (1400 nm). The structural and optical properties of the constituent films are presented. X-ray diffraction showed that all of the thin films are polycrystalline. Using scanning electron microscopy, the present study revealed that the films have uniform surface morphology over the substrate. The solar cell was characterized by determining the open circuit voltage, short-circuit current density, and J–V under 40 mW/cm² solar radiation. The efficiency of the solar cells was 1.35%, which is much higher (0.041, 0.5 and 0.1–0.4%) and slightly smaller (1.65%) than some solar cells reported in the literature.     

氢稀释对纳米晶硅薄膜晶化特性的影响及薄膜生长机理

以SiH4与H2作为前驱气体,采用射频等离子增强化学气相沉积技术制备了纳米晶硅薄膜.利用Raman散射和红外吸收光谱等技术,对不同氢稀释比条件下薄膜的微观结构和键合特性进行了研究.结果表明,随着氢稀释比增加,薄膜的晶化率明显提高,而氢稀释比过高时,薄膜晶化率呈现减少趋势.红外吸收光谱分析表明,纳米晶硅薄膜中氢的键合模式与薄膜的晶化特性密切相关.随着氢稀释比增加,薄膜中整体氢含量和SiH2键合密度明显减少,而在高氢稀释比条件下,氢稀释比增加导致薄膜中SiH2键合密度和整体氢含量增加.     

2-pyrrolidone - capped Mn<Subscript>3</Subscript>O<Subscript>4</Subscript> nanocrystals

Water-soluble Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals have been prepared through thermal decomposition in a high temperature boiling solvent, 2-pyrrolidone. The final product was characterized with XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR and Zeta Potential measurements. Average crystallite size was calculated as ∼15 nm using XRD peak broadening. TEM analysis revealed spherical nanoparticles with an average diameter of 14±0.4 nm. FTIR analysis indicated that 2-pyrrolidone coordinates with the Mn₃O₄ nanocrystals only via O from the carbonyl group, thus confining their growth and protecting their surfaces from interaction with neighboring particles.      

速凝成晶-粘结法制备稀土磁致伸缩材料TbDyFe的研究

采用速凝成晶技术,制备了具有<112>和<110>择优取向的Tb0.27Dy0.73Fe1.95速凝片.研究发现,速凝片的择优取向和显微组织与冷却速度密切相关.随着冷却速度的增加,其择优取向从<112>向<110>变化,显微组织由枝状晶向胞枝晶转变.研究了由速凝片制备的稀土粘结磁致伸缩样品的性能.结果表明,当粉末粒度≤(100～150)μm时材料性能较好,具有<112择优取向的样品性能高于<110>择优取向的样品,磁场取向成型有利于材料性能的改善.获得了性能良好的粘结磁致伸缩材料,在238.8 kA·m-1时磁致伸缩系数达到740×10-6.     

扫描近场光学显微镜对纳米结构的观察

光学显微镜在人们认识微观世界的过程中一直扮演着非常重要的角色．随着认识的深入，对空间分辨率的要求也越来越高．但是众所周知，普通光学显微镜（远场情况下）的分辨率受光的衍射效应所限制，一般可表达为0．61A／N．A．（约等于A／2，A为照射光的波长，N．A．为数值孔径）     

MCM-41分子筛担载纳米TiO2复合材料光催化降解罗丹明B

采用溶胶-凝胶法将TiO2担载在介孔MCM-41分子筛上, 制备了不同TiO2含量的系列TiO2/MCM-41复合材料, 利用X射线衍射、N2吸附、紫外-可见光谱和透射电镜等方法对其进行表征. TiO2的晶型为锐钛矿相, 复合材料的比表面积和孔体积随其中TiO2担载量(复合材料中TiO2与MCM-41的质量比)的增加而减小, TiO2的平均粒径随其担载量的增加而增大. 以罗丹明B的光催化降解为探针反应, 评价了TiO2/MCM-41复合材料的光催化降解活性. 结果表明, 在紫外光照射下, 罗丹明B在该复合材料上的光催化降解反应遵循一级反应动力学, 复合材料对罗丹明B的光催化降解活性明显高于商用TiO2 (P-25), 复合材料的光催化降解活性由复合材料的吸附能力和所含TiO2的光催化活性共同决定.