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71.
An optical switch is fabricated by using micromachining technology, which is based on thin nanocrystalline vanadium oxide (VOx) film, and it consists of four layers: a silicon (Si) substrate layer, a VOx layer, a Si3N4 buffer layer, and an aurum (Au) electrode layer. By applying a switching power supply to a pair of the Au electrodes, the optical switch is controlled to exhibit from an “on” state with semi-conducting phase to an “off” state with metallic phase. The optical switch performance is investigated, and testing results show that its extinction ratio is about 14 dB, its switching response time can achieve about 1.5 ms, and the power dissipation required for stimulating switching to work can be below about 15 mW at least, which is lower than the power dissipation of conventional optical switches based on microstructure thin vanadium dioxide (VO2) films. This kind of optical switch is potential to be applied as optical switch for optical communication. 相似文献
72.
P. Jafarkhani S. Dadras M.J. Torkamany J. Sabbaghzadeh 《Applied Surface Science》2010,256(12):3817-4432
Synthesis of titania (TiO2) nanoparticles (NPs) has been performed with pulsed laser ablation (PLA) approach by irradiating a 1064 nm Nd:YAG laser pulses on the titanium target immersed in pure water. A systematic characterization on the products, synthesized in different laser pulse energies, illustrated the conspicuous dependence of crystalline phase and size distribution of the NPs on this parameter. Emission spectroscopy of the induced plasma was exploited to justify the formation of titania NPs through the synthesis process, as well as the emergence of rutile phase beside the anatase by increasing the laser pulse energies. In addition, UV-vis optical absorption and Raman spectroscopy, associated with X-ray diffraction (XRD) were employed to quantitatively determine the crystalline phases of the products. Morphological observations by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM), demonstrating the spherical shape of the synthesized NPs, was utilized to investigate the variation of particle size distribution with the laser pulse energy. 相似文献
73.
Rencheng Jin Junshen Liu Guihua Li Lixia Yang 《Crystal Research and Technology》2013,48(12):1050-1054
Hierarchical pinetree like Bi2S3 was synthesized through a facile solvothermal route in the mixture of deionized water and tetrahydrofuran. The phase composition, morphology, and structure of the as‐prepared Bi2S3 products were characterized by using various techniques including X‐ray diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). It was found that the pinetree like Bi2S3 structures were composed of numerous assembled nanosheets, which had uniform morphology with the mean width and length of about 110 nm and 15 μm, respectively. Furthermore, the electrochemical property of the obtained pinetree like Bi2S3 was investigated. The pinetree like Bi2S3 presented both the high electrochemical hydrogen storage and electrochemical Li intercalation performance. 相似文献
74.
Magnetostriction characteristics of Mn substituted cobalt ferrite, CoFe2?xMnxO4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.3), sintered from nanocrystalline powders of average particle size of ~4 nm have been studied. Larger value of magnetostriction at lower magnetic field is achieved after substitution of Mn for Fe. The maximum value of magnetostriction coefficient is not much affected and the slope of the magnetostriction is increased with increasing Mn content. Higher maximum value of magnetostriction coefficient (λ) of 234 ppm comparable to that of the unsubstituted composition with larger strain derivative (dλ/dH) is obtained for x = 0.2 in CoFe2?xMnxO4. The magnetostriction coefficient is increased to 262 ppm with further enhancement in the strain derivative after annealing the sintered compact at 300 °C in a magnetic field of 400 kA/m for 30 min. 相似文献
75.
O. Werzer B. Stadlober A. Haase M. Oehzelt R. Resel 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2008,66(4):455-459
Pentacene thin films with thicknesses ranging from 10 nm to
180 nm are investigated by specular X-ray diffraction in the
reflectivity regime and in the wide angular regime. The results of
the reflectivity measurements show a clear shift of the 001
reflection of the thin film phase depending on the layer thickness.
It is shown that this shift can be explained by the dynamical
scattering theory. The wide angular regime measurements show the 00L
of the thin film phase. Williams-Hall plots are used to extract
information on the crystallite size and mean micro strain of the
thin film phase. The crystallite size is in good agreement with the
results obtained by the reflectivity measurements. From this it can
be concluded that the thin film phase crystallites are extended over
the entire film thickness down to the substrate. Additionally an
increase of the micro strain with increasing film thickness is
observed. 相似文献
76.
J.T. Elizalde-Galindo J.L. Hidalgo C.E. Botez J.A. Matutes-Aquino 《Journal of magnetism and magnetic materials》2008,320(14):e222-e225
Nanocrystalline Sm0.5Y0.5Co5 powders with high coercivity HC and enhanced remanence Mr were prepared by mechanical milling and subsequent annealing. Annealing temperatures T ranging from 973 to 1173 K, and times t ranging from 1 to 5 min were used. X-ray diffraction (XRD) and DC-magnetization measurements were carried out to study the microstructure and magnetic properties of these samples. XRD patterns demonstrate that the average grain size D of the nanocrystalline powders depends on the annealing temperature T and time t: D ranges from 11 nm (for T=973 K and t=1 min) to 93 nm (for T=1173 K and t=5 min). Magnetic measurements performed at room temperature indicate high coercivity values (HC>955 kA/m), and enhanced remanence (Mr/Mmax>0.5) for all samples. A strong annealing-induced grain size dependence of these magnetic properties was found. 相似文献
77.
P. Cavaliere 《Physica B: Condensed Matter》2008,403(4):569-575
The mechanical behavior of metals and alloys is strongly related to grain size. In particular, the grain refining leads to the increase in yield strength in the ultra-fine grain (<1 μm) and nanocrystalline (<100 nm) regimes.Instrumented nanoindentation measurements allow a rapid evaluation of mechanical properties of materials, and the possibility to perform tests in a very wide range of loads. The strain rate sensitivity of ultra-fine and nanocrystalline metals can be derived by changing loading rates. The present paper presents the results on the strain rate sensitivity of ultra-fine grain metals produced by equa-channel angular pressing and nanocrystalline materials produced via electrodeposition. The results were obtained by systematic experiments performed at different loading rates (3, 30 and 300 mN/s) showing broad ranges of variations for the investigated metals. Also, the strain rate sensitivity of the studied materials was derived from the load vs. depth curves. 相似文献
78.
Yaakov Idell Jörg Wiezorek Giovanni Facco Andreas Kulovits M. Ravi Shankar 《哲学杂志》2020,100(9):1102-1128
ABSTRACTType 316L austenitic stainless steel was severely plastically deformed at room temperature using linear plane-strain machining in a single pass that imparted shear strains up to 2.2 at strain rates up to 2?×?103 s?1. The resulting microstructures exhibited significant grain size refinement and improved mechanical strength where geometric dynamic recrystallization was identified as the primary microstructural recrystallization mechanism active at high strain rates. This mechanism is rarely observed in low to medium stacking fault energy materials. The critical stress required for twin initiation is raised by the combined effects of refined grain size and the increase in stacking fault energy due to the adiabatic heating of the chip, thus permitting geometric dynamic recrystallization. The suppression of martensite formation was observed and is correlated to the significant adiabatic heating and mechanical stabilisation of the austenitic stainless steel. A gradient of the amount of strain induced martensite formed from the surface towards the interior of the chip. As the strain rate is increased from 4?×?102 s?1–2?×?103 s?1, a grain morphology change was observed from a population of grains with a high fraction of irregular shaped grains to one dominated by elongated grain shapes with a microstructure characterised by an enhanced density of intragranular sub-cell structure, serrated grain boundaries, and no observable twins. As strain rates were increased, the combination of reduction in strain induced martensite and non-uniform intragranular strain led to grain softening where a Hall-Petch relationship was observed with a negative strengthening coefficient of ?0.08?MPa m1/2. 相似文献
79.
Fe3O4 powders, whose average particle sizes were 400 nm, 100 nm, and 10 nm in diameter, were prepared in order to investigate the effect of particle size on their electrochemical activity. X-ray diffraction and electron microscopy measurements confirmed that all the prepared samples were identified as inverse-spinel type Fe3O4, whose crystallite/particle sizes were between 400 nm and 10 nm. We found that the electrochemical activity of Fe3O4 in a lithium salt electrolyte was enhanced with a decrease in the particle size from 400 nm to 10 nm. The 10 nm nanocrystalline Fe3O4 powder demonstrated the high discharge capacities of about 130 and 160 mAh g−1 with a satisfactory capacity retention as the active cathode material of Li and Na batteries, respectively. 相似文献
80.
In this study, lithium-tetraborate (LTB) was synthesized by three methods of high-temperature solid state, wet and combustion reactions. Copper was added to pure LTB by solution assisted method, to improve the thermoluminescence (TL) properties. The pellets of LTB were produced using pressing and sintering operations at 850 °C. The synthesized LTB pellets, exposed to the gamma radiation of 60Co source in the dose range of 5–20Gy and glow curves as well as dose–response diagrams were obtained. Ultimately, the effects of different factors on TL behaviors like dopant, crystallite size and particle morphologies were studied. The results show that between pure samples, LTB which synthesized by combustion method has higher TL sensitivity than those of other methods. However, it was seen a weak glow peak for 5Gy, due to the nanocrystalline structure of LTB. This property led to decrease TL intensity at low-doses and postponed saturation at high-doses. Fading of this sample was also less than others and has relatively better reproducibility. Among LTB:Cu pellets which synthesized by the wet reaction showed the higher TL response than others due to the creation of more traps and luminescence centers and had promising properties in the case of dose response linearity and fading. 相似文献