染料敏化的TiO2纳米晶多孔膜的性质及其光电转换

纳米材料由于粒径小而具有许多特殊的不同于块体材料的性质。用纳米技术制成ＴｉＯ２纳米晶多孔膜,能作为良好的光电转换的基质。通过选择合适的敏化染料,能达到很高的光电转换效率。本文介绍光电转换的原理,ＴｉＯ２纳米晶多孔膜的性质与制备及敏化染料的特性。     

Mechanical properties of nanocrystalline copper under thermal load

The material properties of nanocrystallines are known to generally have a strong dependence on their nanoscale morphology, such as the grain size. The Hall-Petch effect states that the mechanical strength of nanocrystalline materials can vary substantially for a wide range of grain sizes; this is attributed to the competition between intergranular and intragranular deformations. We employed classical molecular dynamics simulations to investigate the morphology-dependent mechanical properties of nanocrystalline copper. The degradation of material properties under thermal load was investigated during fast strain rate deformation, particularly for the grain size. Our simulation results showed that the thermal load on the nanocrystalline materials alters the grain-size behavior of the mechanical properties.     

射频磁控溅射制备纳米晶Ni-Mo催化阴极及其表征

利用射频磁控溅射方法制备了纳米晶Ni-Mo合金薄膜, 并将其用作太阳能光电化学制氢的阴极催化膜. 采用XRD， EDS， SEM和AFM对膜的晶型、 成分、 表面形貌以及晶粒尺寸进行了表征. 用稳态极化曲线和电化学交流阻抗谱对膜的析氢电化学特性进行了测试. 结果表明， 在较高的工作压强、 较低的衬底温度和较远的靶距下沉积的膜有较好的电化学性能, 晶粒的细化以及膜中Mo含量的增加有助于析氢催化活性的提高, 在电流密度为100 mA/cm2时析氢过电势为177.7 mV, 电化学脱附是膜上析氢反应的控制步骤.     

纳米晶稀土复合氧化物Dy_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)CoO_(3-Y)的光谱特性研究

研究了纳米晶Dy0 5 Sr0 5 CoO3 Y 的光谱特性 ,结果表明 :当晶粒尺寸减小至纳米量级时 ,发射光谱的激子峰波长蓝移 ;XRD ,FTIR谱表明 ,与体材料相比 ,纳米晶的衍射峰宽化 ,纳米晶的红外谱带大劈裂和宽化 ,表现为纳米尺寸量子化效应。     

Characterization of nanocrystalline FeSiCr powders prepared by ball milling

FeSi₁₀Cr₁₀ powder was mechanically alloyed by high energy planetary ball milling, starting from elemental powders. The microstructural and magnetic properties of the milled powders were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction, ⁵⁷Fe Mössbauer spectrometry and a vibratory sample magnetometer.After 3 h of milling, the formation of two bcc solid solutions α-Fe₁ (Si, Cr) and α-Fe₂ (Si, Cr) is observed. Their grain sizes decrease with increase in milling time attaining, at 15 h of milling, 23 and 11 nm, respectively. Mössbauer spectra of the milled powder show the presence of two components. One is a ferromagnetic type with a broad sextuplet. Its distribution of hyperfine field is characterized by high and low hyperfine field’s peaks and a mean value of 26.5 T. The other is a single paramagnetic peak. Its low concentration increases to ∼4% at 15 h of milling. These results can be explained by different atomic environments affected by Si or/and Cr elements, as well as the increased disordered grain boundaries.Magnetic measurements of the milled FeSi₁₀Cr₁₀ alloy powder exhibit a soft ferromagnetic character with a decrease of both magnetization at saturation (Ms) and coercive force (Hc) with milling time attaining values of Ms=151 emu/g and Hc=2500 A/m at 30 h of milling time.     

Ferroelectricity in SrTiO3 nanocrystalline disks

SrTiO₃ and CaTiO₃ conventional bulk materials are incipient ferroelectrics. In this note, we report for the first time that ferroelectricity could occur in SrTiO₃ nanocrystalline disks even at room temperature. The peak in the temperature dependence of permittivity for a CaTiO₃ nanocrystalline disk at a low temperature is also observed. The observed ferroelectricity (or permittivity peak) in SrTiO₃ (or CaTiO₃) nanocrystalline disks could be attributed to the strain effect.     

Metal ion analysis in contaminated water samples using anodic stripping voltammetry and a nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrode

Boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond thin-film electrodes were employed for the detection and quantification of Ag (I), Cu (II), Pb (II), Cd (II), and Zn (II) in several contaminated water samples using anodic stripping voltammetric (ASV). Diamond is an alternate electrode that possesses many of the same attributes as Hg and, therefore, appears to be a viable material for this electroanalytical measurement. The nanocrystalline form has been found to perform slightly better than the more conventional microcrystalline form of diamond in this application. Differential pulse voltammetry (DPASV) was used to detect these metal ions in lake water, well water, tap water, wastewater treatment sludge, and soil. The electrochemical results were compared with data from inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometric (ICP-MS) and or atomic absorption spectrometric (AAS) measurements of the same samples. Diamond is shown to function well in this electroanalytical application, providing a wide linear dynamic range, a low limit of quantitation, excellent response precision, and good response accuracy. For the analysis of Pb (II), bare diamond provided a response nearly identical to that obtained with a Hg-coated glassy carbon electrode.     

胶溶法制备NiO纳米晶热敏材料

本文用胶溶法合成了NiO纳米晶超微粒.初步探讨了合成的最佳实验条件.研究了不同灼烧温度及同一温度不同灼烧时间对NiO超微粒子微晶的晶化过程的影响.用X射线衍射、红外光谱、热重、差热、透射电镜研究了样品的性能.结果表明,用胶溶法制得的NiO纳米晶的粒度均小于6nm,属立方晶系,形状为球形.电导率随着温度的升高而迅速增大,是一个有应用前景的热敏材料.     

Sol-gel synthesis of highly luminescent magnesium oxide nanocrystallites

An attempt has been made to prepare MgO nano-crystallites through decomposition of sol-gel derived magnesium oxalate dihydrate in air, oxygen and nitrogen ambient at 500, 600, 800, and 1000 °C for 2 h each and study them with regard to their phase, average crystallite size, morphology, and photoluminescence (PL) behaviour. They are shown to possess f.c.c. (NaCl-type) structure with lattice parameter a∼4.211 Å, average crystallite size in the range of 3.0-73.5 nm, 〈1 1 1〉 preferred orientation at decomposition temperature of 500 °C (in nitrogen and oxygen ambient), and a distorted rod-like morphology. The PL peaks observed around 395 and 440 nm have been assigned to ²T_1u→²A_1g and ³B_1u→¹A_g transitions associated with the relaxation of excited states of F⁺- and F₂²⁺-centres, respectively. Further, the emission band intensity is found to depend on decomposition temperature and gas ambient, crystallite size, and their morphology. However, in nitrogen ambient above 800 °C, several other PL peaks observed at 491.8, 501.8, 503.5, 509.3, 561.5, and 563.0 nm arise due to aggregates of F centres and/or extra energy levels created in the energy band gap by nitrogen incorporation. A mechanism for nitrogen trapping in MgO has been suggested. Further, emission intensity depends on both colour centres and surface states.