锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12的半固相法制备及碳包覆改性

由半固相法制得锂离子电池负极材料Li4Ti5O12,并研究了Li4Ti5O12的碳包覆改性.采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及HRTEM观察和分析产物的相结构与形貌.采用恒流充放电、循环伏安法和交流阻抗技术测试了材料的电化学性质.结果表明,Li4Ti5O12因颗粒团聚电化学性能严重下降,该电极在0.1C和0.5C首周期放电容量分别为121.7和87.6 mAh·g-1;碳包覆Li4Ti5O12/C材料呈球形分布,能抑制颗粒团聚,该电极倍率<0.5C时的放电比容量大于180 mAh·g-1,超过Li4Ti5O12的理论放电比容量(175 mAh·g-1);在1C、5C和10C倍率下,其容量仍保持在136、79.9和58.3 mAh·g-1,碳包覆改性材料具有优异的循环寿命和高倍率性能.     

纳米PbO/Ti电极催化还原偏硼酸锂制备硼氢化锂

在乙二醇甲醚溶液中电解铅片,制备了铅醇盐配合物,然后将溶液直接水解、凝胶,再通过提拉法涂抹在钛丝表面,450 ℃煅烧2 h制备纳米PbO/Ti电极。 将PbO/Ti电极在0.2~1.0 mol/L LiOH+0.1~0.5 mol/L LiBO2溶液测试催化还原性能,研究了影响电解还原LiBO2制备硼氢化锂(LiBH4)的主要因素,如LiBO2和LiOH浓度等。 通过X射线粉末衍射和扫描电子显微镜对PbO/Ti电极和LiBH4进行了表征。 实验表明,纳米PbO/Ti电极表面颗粒分散较好,修饰电极催化性能稳定,放电电流较大,产率和电流效率分别达15.6%和25.3%。     

New Layered Double Hydroxide, Zn–Ti LDH : Preparation and Intercalation Reactions

The layered double hydroxide (LDH) well known for its abilityto intercalate anionic compounds has been prepared conventionallyonly with bivalent and trivalent cations. In this study, Zn–Ti LDH consisting of bivalent and tetravalent cations was prepared, andreacted with organic monocarboxylic, dicarboxylic and aromatic acidsat high or room temperature. XRD patterns of the prepared LDH(Zn–Ti-CO₃) showed that interlayer spacing of the LDH was 0.67 nm. The value was small compared to the usual LDH (Zn–Al–CO₃)of 0.76 nm in the case of carbonate anion as the guest. Also, DTA,TG and DTG analysis indicated that the electrostatic force betweenthe layers and carbonate anions increased where the carbonate anionsin Zn–Ti LDH decomposed at 255 °C while those inZn–Al–CO₃ decomposed at 230–240 °C.     

光电催化降解邻苯二甲酸二乙酯的研究

采用sol-gel法制备TiO2薄膜光电极，以该电极为工作电极，铂丝作对电极，饱和甘汞电极为参比电极，对邻苯二甲酸乙酯的光电催化降解进行了研究。结果表明：该电极具有n型半导体的特征行为，在外加偏压为＋0．7v、pH=2、50mg／L的H2O2中对初始浓度为50mg／L的DEP溶液光照180min降解率达67．85％，讨论了氧的存在、外加偏压等因素对光电催化反应的影响。     

Ti:Al2O3纳米粉体的共沉淀法合成及表征

本文采用共沉淀法合成了Ti:Al2O3纳米粉体.利用热重/差热(TG/DTA)/X射线衍射(XRD)/红外光谱(FTIR)/扫描电镜(SEM)以及能谱(EDS)等分析方法对合成的Ti:Al2O3纳米粉体进行了表征.结果分析表明:前驱体在1200℃下,保温1h可以得到纯的α-Al2O3晶相;粉体的粒径均匀、分散性好,平均粒径在25～50 nm之间.     

Theoretical studies on the infrared spectrum of the tetrahedral molecules R<Subscript>2</Subscript>MH<Subscript>2</Subscript> (R = D(H), CH<Subscript>3</Subscript>, OH; M = Ti,Zr, Hf)

Using Stuttgart/Dresden effective core potentials MWB28, MWB60, and GTO valence basis sets (8s7p6d)/[6s5p3d], (8s7p6d)/[6s5p3d] for Zr and Hf atoms and 6-311++G(3df,3pd) basis set for C, H, O, and Ti atoms, tight convergence criteria geometry optimizations and harmonic frequency calculations are performed at B3LYP and B3LYP/IEF-PCM levels of theory so as to model the gas phase and argon matrix infrared spectra of the tetrahedral molecules R₂MH₂ (R = D(H), CH₃, OH; M = Ti, Zr, Hf). Influence of the transition metal and/or substituent group on the symmetric and asymmetric stretching frequencies of the MH₂ fragment of the R₂MH₂ molecules is investigated at both the levels of theory. The modelling of the argon matrix effect improves the agreement between the calculated frequencies and the experimental ones. The calculated argon matrix to gas phase frequency shifts is compared reasonably to the experimental argon to neon matrix shifts.     

烧结温度和升温速率对Pb(Sb1/3Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48O3压电陶瓷性能的影响

采用传统固相法制备了Pb(Sb1/3 Mn2/3)0.05Zr0.47Ti0.48 O3 (PMS-PZT)压电陶瓷.利用XRD、SEM和EDS等研究PMS-PZT陶瓷体系在烧结过程中形成的过渡液相和形成过渡液相温度(1100℃)附近的升温速率对陶瓷结构、压电和介电性能的影响.结果表明:不同烧结温度下,所有样品均为单一的钙钛矿四方相,过渡液相不会对相的结构有影响,但是当烧结温度较低时,过渡液相在烧结后期以玻璃相在晶界附近富集,对陶瓷的压电和介电性能有很大影响.随着烧结温度和升温速率的升高,PMS-PZT晶粒尺寸增大,晶粒均匀性和规则性得以改善,晶化质量得到提高;d33测试和阻抗分析测试结果表明PMS-PZT样品在1100℃附近以7 ℃·min-1升温速率并在1250℃烧结时具有最好的压电和介电性能:d33 =313 C/N,kp=0.59,Qm=1481,εr=1437,tanδ=0.53;.     

Cr12MoV钢表面磁控溅射Ti/TiN涂层的摩擦磨损性能研究

采用非平衡磁控溅射方法在Cr12MoV钢表面制备了厚度约为3 μm的Ti/TiN涂层,测定了涂层的显微硬度,并通过划痕试验和摩擦磨损试验考察了涂层同基体的结合强度及其摩擦磨损性能.结果表明:Ti/TiN涂层能够显著提高Cr12MoV钢的表面硬度和承载能力;涂层同Cr12MoV钢基体的结合强度较高,划痕临界载荷高于60 N;与此同时,磁控溅射Ti/TiN涂层可以显著改善Cr12MoV钢的耐磨性能.这是由于磁控溅射Ti/TiN涂层硬度高且与Cr12MoV钢基体的结合强度较高所致.     

（Ti,Al）N薄膜光学性能的研究

研究了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）薄膜的光学特性，对其反射和透射光谱作了仔细分析。运用Ｈａｄｌｅｙ方程，算出一定成分（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ膜的折射率ｎ，消光系数ｋ随波长的变化关系。又根据透射曲线，计算出了（Ｔｉ，Ａｌ）Ｎ膜的光隙能。     

Enhancement in age hardenability of sintered Ti–5Fe alloy by Zr addition processed by pulsed electric current sintering

The age-hardenable Ti–5Fe–5Zr (wt. %, 5Zr) alloy has been consolidated by pulsed electric current sintering, following a β solution treatment, and the results are compared with a Ti–5Fe (0Zr) alloy. The precipitation sequence measured at 640°C ageing is β?+?athermal ω?→?β?+?isothermal ω?→?β?+?α. At the peak hardness isothermal ω phase forms at 20?s of ageing. The Zr addition retards the precipitation kinetics of the α phase; as a result, the α phase nucleates at latest at 300?s ageing in the overaged state. Fe is partitioned into β, while it is depleted from the α phases. There is Zr enrichment near the α/β interface when the α phase precipitates due to a solute drag effect; the growth rate of the α phase in the 5Zr alloy is significantly reduced compared with that in the 0Zr alloy.