Pt/K2La2Ti3O10催化剂的合成及其光催化分解甲醇水溶液制氢

用高温固相法合成了具有类钙钛矿型结构的层状化合物K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀, 用XRD, UV-DRS对其进行表征. 利用不同还原方法制备了Pt/K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀光催化剂, 并且用脉冲氢氧滴定法(HOT)测定了K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀表面Pt的分散度. 考察了Pt/K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀光催化分解甲醇水溶液制氢的活性. 比较了负载Pt与负载Ni和纯的K₂La₂Ti₃O₁₀的光催化活性. 研究了Pt负载量、不同还原方法对光催化分解水制氢反应活性的影响. 在最佳的Pt负载量2%(质量百分比)下, 产氢速率达到233.88 mmol·h^&;#8722;1. 讨论了该催化剂的能带结构及反应机理.     

累积轧制Ti／AI复合材料的微观结构演变和力学性能研究

用累积轧制法成功制备了平均晶粒尺寸为200--300nm的超细等轴晶Ti／A1多层复合材料．研究了Ti／A1多层复合材料的微结构变化和力学性能．     

Preparation of BiVO4/MIL‐125(Ti) composite with enhanced visible‐light photocatalytic activity for dye degradation

Because of their desired features, including very specific surface areas and designable framework architecture together with their possibility to be functionalized, Metal Framework (MOF) is a promising platform for supporting varied materials in respect of catalytic applications in water treatment. In this work, a novel visible‐light‐responsive photocatalyst that comprised BiVO₄ together with MIL‐125(Ti), was synthesized by a two‐step hydrothermal approach. The characterization of as‐obtained samples as performed by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, high resolution transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscope, X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy and ultraviolet‐visible diffuse reflection spectra. Rhodamine B was selected being a target for the evaluation of the photocatalytic function of as‐developed photocatalyst. The photocatalytic reaction parameters, for example, the content of BiVO₄ as well as initial concentration of Rhodamine B was researched. The composite photocatalyst possessing Bi:Ti molar ratio of 3:2 brought to light the fact that the greatest photocatalytic activity had the ability to degrade 92% of Rhodamine B in 180 min. In addition to that, the BiVO₄/MIL‐125(Ti) composite could keep its photocatalytic activity during the recycling test. The phenomenon of disintegration of the photo‐generated charges in the BiVO₄/MIL‐125(Ti) composite was brought to discussion as well.     

Cooperative effect of Fe and Ti species over Fe–Ti–Ox catalysts on the catalytic hydrolysis performance of hydrogen cyanide

FeO_x, TiO₂, and Fe–Ti–O_x catalysts were synthesized and used in the catalytic hydrolysis of hydrogen cyanide (HCN). Nearly 100% HCN conversion was achieved at 250 °C over the Fe–Ti–O_x catalyst. TiO₂ rutile was detected over TiO₂, but not over Fe–Ti–O_x, which suggested that the interaction between Fe and Ti species could inhibit the TiO₂ phase transition. Furthermore, the interaction between Fe and Ti species over Fe–Ti–O_x could promote the selectivity of NH₃ and CO. The mechanism of hydrolysis of HCN over FeO_x, TiO₂, and Fe–Ti–O_x can be given as follows: HCN + H₂O → methanamide → ammonium formate → formic acid → H₂O + CO.     

Dephosphatation under UV light of water by Ti-PILC with activation by secondary species (La,Se, and Rb)

Me/Ti-PILC catalysts (Me: La, Se, Rb) were prepared with 60% in weight of Ti-species and 3% in weight of Me-secondary species added under ultrasounds. All materials were characterized by XRF, XPS, XRD, BET, HR-TEM/EDS, FEG-SEM and UV-vis. Three kinds of Ti-oxide nanoparticles were identified: (1) Ti-pillars within the clay layers, (2) rutile nanoflowers, and (3) anatase. In UV-vis spectra, no significant change in the band-gap was observed. In La and Se samples, small variations of the anatase XRD lines are associated with cationic diffusion after deposition of secondary species and calcination. An O1s XPS-peak (533.5 eV) is attributed to oxygen vacancies generated by this diffusion. Phosphate photo-removal in water was studied using phosphoric acid solution (75.97 g L⁻¹). Dephosphatation is significantly improved in the presence of Me-species as La/Ti-PILC > Se/Ti-PILC > Rb/Ti-PILC > Ti-PILC. Partial dephosphatation by adsorption is possible in the dark but is strongly improved by UV irradiation. With a La catalyst and under UV irradiation, phosphates (6.6 × 10⁻³ mol L⁻¹) were recovered in less than 70 min. Therefore, Me/Ti-PILC have a great potential as photocatalysts for the treatment of wastewaters and the recovery of phosphates.     

Sol-gel Synthesis and Electrochemical Performance of Li4-xMgxTi5-xZrxO12 Anode Material for Lithium-ion Batteries

The anode materials Li_4?xMg_xTi_5?xZr_xO₁₂ (x=0, 0.05, 0.1) were successfully synthesized by sol‐gel method using Ti(OC₄H₉)₄, CH₃COOLi·2H₂O, MgCl₂·6H₂O and Zr(NO₃)₃·6H₂O as raw materials. The crystalline structure, morphology and electrochemical properties of the as‐prepared materials were characterized by XRD, SEM, cyclic voltammograms (CV), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and charge‐discharge cycling tests. The results show that the lattice parameters of the Mg‐Zr doped samples are slightly larger than that of the pure Li₄Ti₅O₁₂, and Mg‐Zr doping does not change the basic Li₄Ti₅O₁₂ structure. The rate capability of Li_4?xMg_xTi_5?xZr_xO₁₂ (x=0.05, 0.1) electrodes is significantly improved due to the expansile Li⁺ diffusion channel and reduced charge transfer resistance. In this study, Li_3.95Mg_0.05Ti_4.95Zr_0.05O₁₂ represented a relatively good rate capability and cycling stability, after 400 cycles at 10 C, the discharge capacity retained as 134.74 mAh·g^?1 with capacity retention close to 100%. The excellent rate capability and good cycling performance make Li_3.95Mg_0.05Ti_4.95Zr_0.05O₁₂ a promising anode material in lithium‐ion batteries.     

Multifractal analysis for Cu/Ti bilayer thin films

Two bilayer thin films with different stacking sequences, Cu/Ti/Si and Ti/Cu/Si, were deposited by DC magnetron sputtering technique. X‐ray diffraction technique was used to measure the crystallization structures, and scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy were used to measured surface morphology. The multifractal spectra f(α)‐α was used to characterize the surface morphology. The result of |q|_max ≤ 53 is obtained by multifractal analysis. The shape of the multifractal spectra f(α) ? α is hook‐like for Cu/Ti/Si and bell jar‐like for Ti/Cu/Si. The spectrum width Δα = α_max ? α_min and Δf(=f(α_min) ? f(α_max)) of the multifractal spectra is able to quantitatively analyze the growth and surface roughness of the Cu/Ti bilayer thin films. The surface of Ti/Cu/Si thin film is more uniform and smoother than the film of Cu/Ti/Si. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Zr/Ti摩尔比对锶锆钛复合氧化物在可见光下光催化性能的影响

通过分步沉积法制备了不同Zr/Ti 摩尔比的锶锆钛(SZT)复合氧化物催化剂, 以X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、紫外-可见(UV-Vis)漫反射光谱等表征手段考察不同Zr/Ti 摩尔比下SZT催化剂的结构形态, 以可见光下光催化降解亚甲基蓝为模型反应考察样品的光催化活性. 结果表明: Zr/Ti 摩尔比<1 时SZT催化剂发生Zr⁴⁺与Ti⁴⁺同质替换, 引起晶格缺陷, 光催化活性小幅提高; Zr/Ti 摩尔比≥1 时SZT催化剂产生SrZrO₃/Ti_nO_2n-1 (n=4, 9)的新晶相, Ti_nO_2n-1 (n=4, 9)的存在有利于光生电子-空穴的传导与分离, 可大幅提高催化剂光催化活性. 其中, SZT-5/5 表现出最高的光催化活性, 其一级反应速率常数达到0.2133 min^-1, 是同等光照条件下纯SrTiO₃样品(0.0158 min^-1)的13.5倍.     

Electrochemical behavior in simulated body fluid of TiO2 nanotubes on TiAlNb alloy elaborated in various anodizing electrolyte

The present study is focused on tailoring the morphology of TiO₂ nanotubes obtained on Ti6Al7Nb alloy and evaluating their electrochemical behavior in simulated body fluid. The presence of the α and β phases on the Ti6Al7Nb alloy leads to a two‐scale organization of the nanotubes on the samples – which in turn affects the electrochemical stability. Furthermore, five different types of TiO₂ nanotubes were obtained in various electrolytes (e.g. Generation I, a mixture of Generation II and Generation III, Generation III). Electrochemical behavior analysis of all obtained nanotubes morphologies was composed of Tafel plots, cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and was correlated with morphology data obtained from SEM (nanotubes diameters from top‐view and nanotube length from cross‐section view). The electrochemical results showed that morphological modifications of the Ti6Al7Nb alloy's surface by electrochemical anodizing have induced changes to the electrochemical behavior of the material, evident in the corrosion rates. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The synthesis and properties of CaCu3Ti4O12 thin films

The CaCu₃Ti₄O₁₂ (CCTO) thin films were synthesized via a metal‐organic solution containing stoichiometric amounts of the metal cations at 700 °C for 1 h. The stable metal‐organic solution was prepared by dissolving calcium nitrate, copper nitrate, and tetrabuty titanate in grain alcohol. The phases, microstructures, and electric properties of CCTO thin films were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscope, and electric measurements. The results show that the CCTO thin films have homogeneous microstructure, smooth surface, low leakage current, and high values of dielectric constant. The low leakage current can be attributed to the small surface roughness. The high value of dielectric constant can be attributed to the internal barrier layer capacitor mechanism and metal‐insulator‐semiconductor junction of CCTO thin films. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.