磁致冷材料钆硅锗系合金中Si和Gd的重量法联测的研究

参考了HClO4脱水重量法测定Si及草酸盐重量法测定Gd的方法,建立了钆硅锗系合金中主成分Si和Gd联合测定的方法,并详细考查了共存元素及杂质元素对测定的影响。合金共存元素Ge在HCl的存在下,绝大部分可以GeCl4的形式被蒸发,达到与被测元素分离的目的。熔样过程引入的杂质元素Ni可与被测元素Gd,用氨水沉淀分离,残留Ni不足以影响Gd的测定。方法回收率在98.5%以上,Si和Gd的测量相对标准偏差分别在2.6%~3.0%和0.4%~0.5%。     

铜基大块非晶合金添加微量元素对腐蚀行为的影响机理研究

通过分子动力学方法模拟了Cu-Al合金液相,然后模拟降温过程得到Cu-Al非晶合金.通过计算机编程建立了Cu-Al-M非晶基体、Cu-Al-M非晶表面及吸附O原子Cu-Al-M非晶表面原子结构模型.利用实空间连分数方法,研究了添加微量合金元素Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Y,Sc对Cu基大块非晶合金的腐蚀行为的影响机理.研究发现合金元素Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Sc不向清洁Cu基非晶表面偏聚,但除Y外向有氧吸附的表面偏聚,说明有氧吸附后Cu基非晶表面偏聚发生逆转.键级积分计算表明Zr,Nb,Ta,V,Y,Sc元素均增大与氧之间的结合力,易形成氧化膜,提高Cu基大块非晶的耐蚀性.稀土Y提高Cu基大块非晶的耐蚀性可能是由于它向合金与氧化膜界面偏聚并提高了合金与氧化膜的结合力.     

Be-composition effect on structure, electronic and optical properties of BexZn1-xO alloys

This paper carries out first principles calculation of the structure,electronic and optical properties of Be x Zn 1 x O alloys based on the density-functional theory for the compositions x = 0.0,0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0.The lattice constants deviations of alloys obey Vegard’s law well.The Be x Zn 1 x O alloys have the direct band gap(Γ-Γ) character,and the bowing coefficients are less than the available theoretical values.Moreover,it investigates in detail the optical properties(dielectric functions,absorption spectrum and refractive index) of these ternary mixed crystals.The obtained results agree well with the available theoretical and experimental values.     

脉冲磁化条件下非晶磁芯的损耗特性

基于工频或高频磁化条件下磁芯的测试数据不能准确反映磁芯在单次脉冲磁化下的性能,给出了一种脉冲磁化条件下磁芯性能的测试方法和数据处理方法,实验研究了快脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯的损耗特性,磁芯最短饱和时间67 ns,最大磁化速率达到40 T/s。通过数据处理,给出了磁芯损耗与磁化速率的关系曲线,获得了不同磁化速率下磁芯的损耗数据。分析了脉冲磁化条件下涡流损耗和磁滞损耗所占的比例。研究结果表明:脉冲磁化条件下非晶态合金磁芯损耗与磁化速率关系符合饱和波模型,磁芯损耗随磁化速率增大而线性增大。     

爆炸压实制取W-Cu纳米复合材料的实验研究

采用机械合金化法制备了W-Cu合金粉末。将制备出的W-Cu合金粉末置于爆炸压制成型的装置中进行爆炸压实,得到了最高致密度达98%的W-Cu合金。利用X射线衍射(XRD)分析了W-Cu混合粉末的合金化过程,研究了W-Cu合金粉末的还原温度对压实坯致密度的影响。通过电子探针微量分析仪(EPMA)观察了样品内部的成分与元素分布,利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)对样品断口形貌进行了观察,并对样品的维氏硬度和电导率进行了测量。结果表明,W-Cu合金化粉末在爆炸冲击波作用下能够结合成高致密体,复合材料具有高硬度、组织均匀、晶粒细小的特点。     

Theoretical study of the optical gain characteristics of a Ge1-xSnx alloy for a short-wave infrared laser

Optical gain characteristics of Ge_(1_x)Snμx are simulated systematically.With an injection carrier concentration of 5×10~(18)/cm~3 at room temperature,the maximal optical gain of Ge_(0.922)Sn_(0.078) alloy(with n-type doping concentration being 5×10~(18)/cm~3) reaches 500 cm~(-1).Moreover,considering the free-carrier absorption effect,we find that there is an optimal injection carrier density to achieve a maximal net optical gain.A double heterostructure Ge_(0.554)Si_(0.289)Sn_(0.157)/Ge_(0.922)Sn_(0.078)/Ge_(0.554)Si_(0.289)Sn_(0.157) short-wave infrared laser diode is designed to achieve a high injection efficiency and low threshold current density.The simulation values of the device threshold current density J_(th)are 6.47 kA/cm~2(temperature:200 K,and λ=2050 nm),10.75 kA/cm~2(temperature:200 K,and λ=2000 nm),and23.12 kA/cm~2(temperature:300 K,and λ=2100 nm),respectively.The results indicate the possibility to obtain a Si-based short-wave infrared Ge_(1-x)Sn_x laser.     

不同构型(In,Al)GaN合金发光机理的第一性原理研究

基于第一性原理的密度泛函理论,研究了纤锌矿（In,Al）GaN合金的4种构型（均匀、短链、小团簇、团簇-链共存模型）的电子结构和发光微观机理。结果表明,在InGaN合金中,短In-N-链和小In-N团簇都局域电子在价带顶（VBM）态。当小团簇与短链共存时,前者局域电子的能力明显强于后者,是辐射复合发光中心。然而,在AlGaN合金中,电子在VBM态的局域受短Al-N链和小Al-N团簇的影响并不显著。合金微观结构的不同会引起电子局域的改变,从而影响材料的发光性能,并对带隙和弯曲系数有重要影响。     

演示记忆合金弹簧的形状记忆效应的实验设计

设计了测试记忆合金弹簧的形状记忆效应的物理实验.描述了实验装置的设计和结构,给出了实验内容的设计和实验方法,包括观察测试记忆合金弹簧的温度-形变记忆效应实验和电流-形变记忆效应实验.根据测量数据,描绘了用该仪器得到的温度-形变曲线和电流-形变曲线.该实验可作为设计性实验在大学物理实验课中开出.     

Surface oxidability of pure liquid metals and alloys

The analysis of the oxygen-liquid metal interaction is a topic of particular technological interest. A deep knowledge of the kinetics and transport mechanisms involved in the oxidation phenomena is necessary: the effect of oxidation reactions taking place in the gas phase and the evaporation of oxides must be considered.This paper aims to review our works in order to provide a systematic analysis of the oxidation of pure metals and determine the most likely to keeping oxygen-free the surface in a binary alloy.In addition, the upgrading of this theoretical approach, here briefly described, is addressed to give a contribution to a better understanding of the evolution of oxidation phenomena close to the solid-liquid-gas interfaces.     

Birefringence control by hydrogen bonding on compatible polymer pair composed of hydrogenated ring‐opening polymer and modified polystyrene

A new polymer blend composed of a hydrogenated ring‐opening polymer (HROP) with an ester group and hydroxyl functionalized polystyrene (HFP) produced the excellent transparent materials which enabled a precise birefringence control in keeping with the other physical properties for optical film use. The blend with a composition from 0.28 to 0.35 for the HFP weight fraction showed an extraordinary wavelength dispersion, transmitting through a zero birefringence point at the critical fraction of 0.45, while each polymer showed an ordinary wavelength dispersion. The observed excellent transparency even above those of the glass transition temperature was attributed to a depressed phase separation that resulted from strong hydrogen bond between the ester and hydroxyl groups. An IR analysis of the film demonstrated a remarkable red‐shift in the carbonyl peak with an increase of the hydroxylated polystyrene content, indicating a strong hydrogen bond between those groups. This new polymer blend provides a useful design to achieve practical demands for film use, both optical and mechanical under the fabrication conditions using the melt extrusion technique. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Polym. Sci., Part A: Polym. Chem. 2013, 51, 3132–3143