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101.
Chao-Chi Tseng Chong-Chi Chi Hsin-Jung Tsai Jien-Wei Yeh Hao Ouyang Wen-Kuang Hsu 《Particle & Particle Systems Characterization》2020,37(8):2000137
Owing to their unique properties and technological potential, high entropy alloys (HEAs) have become the subject of great interest in the materials science community. HEAs consist of more than four principle elements in equimolar ratio so their configurational entropy is intrinsically greater than one-principle element based. The increasing surface energy and chemical tendency toward clustering of like atoms at low dimension, however, make production of HEA-nanoparticles (HEA-NPs) extremely difficult. A facile production of HEA-NPs inside carbon nanotubes and nanoparticles is demonstrated in this work. Electron microscopic and elemental analyses confirm encapsulated to be solution phase; some embrace carbides and form multidomains with chemical composition ranging from quaternary to quinary phase. Multidomains and nonmagnetic centers create hardening thus promoting coercivity significantly at room temperature. Alloying induces electron redistribution into high spin states, accounting for observed high saturation. Configurational entropy of encapsulated HEA-NPs lies on a range comparable with bulk. 相似文献
102.
In this article, we report a facile approach for the synthesis of an inexpensive catalyst of bimetallic Hg/Pd alloys comprising nanoparticles with various structures using a unique ultrasonic reaction that is conducted without the use of any reducing agent. The nanoparticles of Hg/Pd alloys (HgPd and Hg2Pd5) were achieved for the first time by sonicating an aqueous solution of Palladium (II) nitrate with metallic liquid mercury, as evidenced by XRD. EDS further confirmed the presence of Pd and Hg elements in the alloy. The surface morphology and structure of the nanoparticles have been systematically investigated by HRSEM, HRTEM and SAED pattern. In order to explore the catalytic activity of the as-synthesized nanoalloys, the catalytic reduction of 4-nitrophenol and a few other nitrophenol derivatives were investigated. Excellent catalytic activity was obtained for Hg/Pd (1:1) alloy, and the rate constant for the reduction of 4-NP with Hg/Pd at room temperature was found to be 58.4 × 10−3 s−1, which is possibly the highest ever reported. The catalyst exhibited superior stability and reusability when compared with those reported in the literature for other catalysts based on noble metals. 相似文献
103.
ABSTRACT The present work describes a phenomenological approach to explain the instantaneous behaviour of tungsten heavy alloys (WHAs) in heat-treated and swaged conditions. The strengths and elongation values of heat-treated materials are lower and higher than those of the swaged samples respectively. The heat-treated materials exhibit two slopes in true stress–true plastic strain curves and follow the Ludwigson constitutive equation. On the other hand, swaged materials display a single slope and adhere to typical Swift constitutive equation. The latter reflect the presence of pre-strain in the materials due to swaging deformation. The fracture surfaces in heat-treated materials consist of W-W decohesion along with matrix rupture and W-cleavage, while swaged samples consist of mainly W-cleavage. Both the materials display three typical stages (I, II and III) of work hardening. The second derivatives of true stress–true plastic strain curves of these alloys exhibit a perfect parabola although the nature of true stress–true strain as well as true stress–true plastic strain curves is quite different in heat-treated and swaged materials. This has been observed for the first time in WHAs consisting of matrix and W-grains. The shape of the parabola is simple and easy to fit. The fitting parameters of parabolas have been successfully employed to explain the flow behaviour of a large number of tungsten heavy alloys having two-phase microstructure in different processing conditions. 相似文献
104.
稀土在中国高新材料研制开发中的应用 总被引:5,自引:1,他引:5
我国在稀土资源和稀土原料的生产方面都居世界领先地位,近年来稀土高新材料的研制与开发也取得重大进展。本文概述了我国在稀土高新材料开发与研究方面的成果,指出今后应把稀土应用基础研究、中重稀土的应用研究和稀土在能源领域的应用研究作为重点进一步开展工作。 相似文献
105.
106.
The Direct Synthesis of Hydrogen Peroxide Using Platinum‐Promoted Gold–Palladium Catalysts 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Jennifer K. Edwards James Pritchard Li Lu Marco Piccinini Greg Shaw Dr. Albert F. Carley David J. Morgan Prof. Christopher J. Kiely Prof. Graham J. Hutchings 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2014,53(9):2381-2384
The direct synthesis of hydrogen peroxide offers a potentially green route to the production of this important commodity chemical. Early studies showed that Pd is a suitable catalyst, but recent work indicated that the addition of Au enhances the activity and selectivity significantly. The addition of a third metal using impregnation as a facile preparation method was thus investigated. The addition of a small amount of Pt to a CeO2‐supported AuPd (weight ratio of 1:1) catalyst significantly enhanced the activity in the direct synthesis of H2O2 and decreased the non‐desired over‐hydrogenation and decomposition reactions. The addition of Pt to the AuPd nanoparticles influenced the surface composition, thus leading to the marked effects that were observed on the catalytic formation of hydrogen peroxide. In addition, an experimental approach that can help to identify the optimal nominal ternary alloy compositions for this reaction is demonstrated. 相似文献
107.
Electrolytic Formation of Crystalline Silicon/Germanium Alloy Nanotubes and Hollow Particles with Enhanced Lithium‐Storage Properties 下载免费PDF全文
Dr. Wei Xiao Jing Zhou Dr. Le Yu Prof. Dihua Wang Prof. Xiong Wen Lou 《Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)》2016,55(26):7427-7431
Crystalline silicon(Si)/germanium(Ge) alloy nanotubes and hollow particles are synthesized for the first time through a one‐pot electrolytic process. The morphology of these alloy structures can be easily tailored from nanotubes to hollow particles by varying the overpotential during the electro‐reduction reaction. The continuous solid diffusion governed by the nanoscale Kirkendall effect results in the formation of inner void in the alloy particles. Benefitting from the compositional and structural advantages, these SiGe alloy nanotubes exhibit much enhanced lithium‐storage performance compared with the individual solid Si and Ge nanowires as the anode material for lithium‐ion batteries. 相似文献
108.
采用真空电弧熔炼及退火处理制备R-Y-Ni系A_2B_7型R0.3Y0.7Ni3.25Mn0.15Al0.1(R=Y,La,Pr,Ce,Nd,Gd,Sm)储氢合金,系统研究稀土元素R对合金微观组织与结构、储氢和电化学性能的影响。XRD和SEM-EDS分析表明,合金退火组织由Ce2Ni7型主相、PuNi3型及少量Ca Cu5型相组成,Ce2Ni7型主相的晶格常数a、c及晶胞体积V均随稀土R原子半径的减小而依次降低。该合金均具有明显的吸放氢平台,常温下最大吸氢容量为1.17%~1.48%(w/w),吸氢平台压Peq为0.037~0.194 MPa。电化学分析表明,退火合金电极的电化学活化性能优良,R=La合金具有最高的放电容量(389.2 mAh·g-1)和较佳的容量保持率(充放电循环100次后的S100=85.7%),其中合金微观组织的不均匀性及稀土元素的电化学腐蚀是影响电极循环稳定性的主要原因。合金电极的高倍率放电性能(电流密度为900 m A·g-1)HRD900=71.05%~86.94%,其电极反应动力学控制步骤主要由氢原子在合金体相中的扩散速率所控制。 相似文献
109.
Eric Gottlieb Dr. Huifeng Qian Prof. Dr. Rongchao Jin 《Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)》2013,19(13):4238-4243
Atomically precise alloying and de‐alloying processes for the formation of Ag–Au and Cu–Au nanoparticles of 25‐metal‐atom composition (referred to as AgxAu25?x(SR)18 and CuxAu25?x(SR)18, in which R=CH2CH2Ph) are reported. The identities of the particles were determined by matrix‐assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectroscopy (MALDI‐MS). Their structures were probed by fragmentation analysis in MALDI‐MS and comparison with the icosahedral structure of the homogold Au25(SR)18 nanoparticles (an icosahedral Au13 core protected by a shell of Au12(SR)18). The Cu and Ag atoms were found to preferentially occupy the 13‐atom icosahedral sites, instead of the exterior shell. The number of Ag atoms in AgxAu25?x(SR)18 (x=0–8) was dependent on the molar ratio of AgI/AuIII precursors in the synthesis, whereas the number of Cu atoms in CuxAu25?x(SR)18 (x=0–4) was independent of the molar ratio of CuII/AuIII precursors applied. Interestingly, the CuxAu25?x(SR)18 nanoparticles show a spontaneous de‐alloying process over time, and the initially formed CuxAu25?x(SR)18 nanoparticles were converted to pure Au25(SR)18. This de‐alloying process was not observed in the case of alloyed AgxAu25?x(SR)18 nanoparticles. This contrast can be attributed to the stability difference between CuxAu25?x(SR)18 and AgxAu25?x(SR)18 nanoparticles. These alloyed nanoparticles are promising candidates for applications such as catalysis. 相似文献
110.
Electroactive conducting polymers for corrosion control 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dennis E. Tallman Geoff Spinks Anton Dominis Gordon G. Wallace 《Journal of Solid State Electrochemistry》2002,6(2):73-84
There is an intensive effort underway to develop new corrosion control coatings for structural metals. In part, this effort
has been motivated by the desire to replace chromium(VI)-containing coatings currently used for corrosion control of iron
and aluminum alloys. Cr(VI) has been shown to be hazardous to the environmental and to human health, and its use in many countries
will be sharply curtailed in the coming years. Electroactive conducting polymers (ECPs) represent a class of interesting materials
currently being explored for use in corrosion control coating systems, possibly as a replacement for Cr(VI)-based coatings.
The electroactivity and the electronic conductivity (or semiconductivity) of ECPs set them apart from traditional organic
coatings. As with chromate, interesting and potentially beneficial interactions of ECPs with active metal alloys such as steel
and aluminum are anticipated, with concomitant alteration of their corrosion behavior. A review of this active research area
will be presented in two parts. Here in Part 1, a general introduction to the topic of corrosion control by ECPs will be presented,
including an overview of corrosion and its control by traditional methods, an introduction to ECPs and their properties, and
a discussion of the processing issues surrounding the use of ECPs as coatings. Part 1 also includes a review of the literature
on the use of ECPs as coatings (or components of coatings) on non-ferrous active metals, principally aluminum and aluminum
alloys, although some work on zinc, copper, silver, titanium and silicon will also be described. In Part 2 of this review
(to be published in the next issue of this journal), the rather extensive literature on the use of ECPs for the corrosion
control of ferrous alloys (steels) will be reviewed.
Electronic Publication 相似文献