Infrared spectroscopic study of the interactions of nylon‐6 with water

We studied the interactions of nylon‐6 with water by following the Fourier transform infrared spectra of a hydrated thin film during dehydration. Very small changes in the spectra caused by the interactions were clearly revealed by the application of spectral subtraction. The water was found to interact with amide groups to form hydrogen bonds with non‐hydrogen‐bonded or free C?O and NH groups in the amorphous portion in the first hydration sphere. This was deduced from an analysis of minus and plus peaks appearing around the absorptions of the NH stretching, amide I band, and amide II bands in the difference spectra between the spectra during dehydration and the one at the most dehydration. The interactions of the amide groups with water were significantly stronger than the hydrogen bond between CO and NH in the crystalline portion, according to the magnitude of the frequency shift of relevant bands. Water, as the interacting counterpart, showed a distorted OH stretching absorption with two close peaks at about 3450 cm^?1. © 2003 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 41: 1722–1729, 2003     

Aromatic δ-peptides: design, synthesis and structural studies of helical, quinoline-derived oligoamide foldamers

Oligoamides of 8-amino-4-isobutoxy-2-quinolinecarboxylic acid were designed and synthesized, and their helical structures were characterized in the solid state by single crystal X-ray diffraction, and in solution by ¹H NMR. The monomer methyl 4-isobutoxy-8-nitro-2-quinolinecarboxylate is easily prepared in three steps from 2-nitroaninile and dimethyl acetylene dicarboxylate. Successive hydrogenations of nitro groups, saponifications of esters and couplings of amines and acids via the acid chlorides gave a dimer, tetramer, hexamer, octamer, and decamer in a convergent fashion. The oligomers were shown to adopt a bent conformation stabilized by intramolecular hydrogen bonds between amide hydrogens and adjacent quinoline nitrogens. In the solid, the dimer adopts a planar crescent shape and the octamer a helical conformation. All NMR data are consistent with similar conformations in solution. The helices are apparently remarkably stable. Some of them remain helical even at 120°C in deuterated DMSO. The structural studies confirm the predictions made by computer and demonstrate the high potency of the design principles.     

Study on the Intramolecular Hydrogen Bonds of Dibenzofurans, Xanthones and Anthraquinones with One or Two Positions Substituted by Hydroxyls

<正>The thermodynamic properties of dibenzofurans (DFs), xanthones (XTs) and an- thraquinones (AQs) with one and two positions substituted with hydroxyls in the ideal gas state at 298.15 K and 1.013×10~5 pa were calculated at the B3LYP/6-311G~* level using Gaussian 03 program. The isodesmic reactions were designed to calculate the standard free energy of formation (Δ_fG~e). Three types of hydrogen bonds exist in the three kinds of chemicals and their bond energies were ascertained as 7-15, 15-23 and 49-58 kJ·mol~(-1) respectively by comparing the Δ_fG~e values. Electronic density topology analysis was applied to validate the strength of bond.     

硼的添加对Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33贮氢合金结构和电化学性能的影响

Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33Bx(x=0~0.10)系列合金均有V基固溶体相和C14型Laves相两相组成。添加B可提高Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金的放电容量,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.1合金电极在60 mA·g-1电流放电时的放电容量达到476.7 mAh·g-1。B的添加不同程度地降低了合金的高倍率放电性能,使合金电极表面上电化学反应的电荷转移电阻(R ct)显著增加,交换电流密度(I0)显著降低。添加B可显著改善Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33合金电极的高温放电性能,Ti0.26Zr0.07V0.24Mn0.1Ni0.33B0.025合金电极在343 K高温下其放电容量达到525.6 mAh·g-1。     

冬季平原河网水体溶存甲烷和氧化亚氮浓度特征及排放通量

以长江三角洲上海地区和海河流域天津地区水网为研究对象,对冬季河网表层水体溶存甲烷（CH4）和氧化亚氮（N2O）浓度、饱和度及水-气界面排放通量进行了研究.结果表明,冬季我国平原河网水体溶存CH4和N2O的浓度值都很高,呈高度过饱和状态：CH4浓度均值为0.86mol/L（饱和度：758%）,范围在（0.043±0.001）～（25.3±9.32）μmol/L之间;N2O浓度均值为86.8nmol/L（饱和度：488%）,范围在（9.71±0.41）～（691±35.2）nmol/L之间变化.天津排污河水体CH4和N2O浓度显著高于其他河流（均值分别为38.4mol/L和88.9nmol/L）.水体溶存CH4和N2O浓度、饱和度存在很大的地区差异,上海河网的CH4和N2O浓度和饱和度均值高于天津河网.河网水体水-气界面CH4和N2O排放通量变化范围很广,CH4通量在（1.35±0.22）～（665±246）mol/m2h之间,平均值为24.1mol/m2h,N2O通量在（0.19±0.02）～（22.6±5.05）mol/m2h之间,平均值为2.28mol/m2h.相关分析发现,河网水体溶存CH4浓度与DO显著负相关,与NH4＋显著正相关;N2O浓度则与NH4＋和NO3＋NO2显著正相关.河网水-气界面CH4和N2O排放通量均呈现出市区高郊区和农村低的空间分布规律,污染严重的河流已显然成为大气CH4和N2O的潜在排放源.     

基于绿色氢科学理念构筑从低碳制氢到高效储氢的氢能体系

本文从低碳制氢和高效储氢的角度思考及探讨氢能体系绿色化发展过程中的关键科学问题.提出＂绿色氢科学＂理念与＂低碳制氢,高效储氢＂技术发展路线图,以期通过相关科学问题的认识,来构建具有高度原子经济性及可持续性的绿色氢能体系.     

铁氰化铈薄膜固载血红蛋白修饰的过氧化氢生物传感器的制备及性能

采用电化学沉积法将铁氰化铈(CeHCF)薄膜修饰于玻碳电极(GCE)表面,得到铁氰化铈薄膜修饰玻碳电极;将血红蛋白(Hb)固载于该修饰电极表面,成功制得了Hb/CeHCF/GCE过氧化氢生物传感器.考察了铁氰化铈薄膜修饰玻碳电极的氧化还原机理和制备条件,并对血红蛋白在电极上的电子传递过程进行了较为深入的研究.结果表明,铁氰化铈薄膜为血红蛋白提供了温和的固载环境,可实现血红蛋白与电极表面的直接电子转移,提高了血红蛋白的电化学活性;所制得的传感器对过氧化氢具有较高的催化响应和较强的稳定性.相关研究结果在生物医学和临床医学领域具有一定的借鉴意义.     

New insights into the transitional behaviour of methyl-6-O-(n-dodecanoyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside using variable temperature FTIR spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction

The liquid crystalline behaviour of methyl-6-O-(n-dodecanoyl)-α-D-glucopyranoside, 1, has been characterised using X-ray diffraction and variable temperature Fourier transform infrared (FTIR spectroscopy). 1 exhibits a monotropic interdigitated smectic A phase consisting of bilayers in which the alkyl chains are overlapped. The crystal–isotropic transition is accompanied by a pronounced decrease in the strength of the hydrogen bonding network involving the sugar groups resulting in a marked change in the environment of the alkyl chains. The isotropic phase consists of disordered smectic-like domains stabilised via hydrogen bonding between the sugar groups. At the transition to the smectic A phase, a subtle change in hydrogen bonding is observed which is manifested by a change in the temperature dependence of the OH stretching peak position in the FTIR spectrum. On crystallisation, the strong hydrogen bonding network is re-established accompanied by a change in the conformational distribution of the alkyl chains. A model is proposed in which a combination of hydrogen bonding (enthalpic effects) and conformational arrangements (entropic effects) promotes initially the formation of smectic-like domains in the isotropic phase and subsequently stabilises the smectic A phase by inhibiting the microphase separation leading to the crystal phase.     

Cobalt(III) Supramolecuar Complex: Synthesis,Crystal Structure and Anions Recognition Properties of 6,7-Dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione

A 3D supramolecular complex [Co(III)(Phen)₂Cl₂][DNQ]Cl·H₂O (DNQ = 6,7-dinitroquinoxaline-2,3-dione) has been synthesized and determined by single-crystal X-ray analysis. Anion binding studies carried out using ¹H NMR and UV-visible revealed that a genuine hydrogen bond interaction between anion receptor 2 and Cl^?  can be detected, but fluoride is deprotonating the anion receptor 2. X-ray analysis results show that it is not possible for the two amide nitrogen atoms of anion receptor to form hydrogen bonds to a chloride ion in the presence of small aliquots of water.     

基于非共价键作用的二嵌段共聚物/均聚物超分子体系的自组装行为

采用实空间求解的自洽场理论,研究了两亲性二嵌段共聚物(AB)/均聚物(C)超分子体系在溶液中的自组装行为,其中B疏水嵌段的自由末端与C均聚物的一个末端形成可逆的非共价键.在稀溶液中,AB/C超分子聚合物体系通过自组装形成了一系列不同形貌的胶束,如核-壳-冠的三层胶束和蠕虫状胶束等.研究发现,胶束形貌受到非共价键强度和初...