Degenerate cascade fluorescence: Optical spectral-line narrowing via a single microwave cavity

For a three-level atom, two nondegenerate(even microwave and optical) electric dipole transitions are usually allowed; for either of these, the fluorescence spectra are well-described in terms of spontaneous transitions from a triplet of dressed sublevels to an adjacent lower-lying triplet. When the three dressed sublevels are equally spaced from each other, a remarkable feature known as degenerate cascade fluorescence takes place, which displays a five-peaked structure. We show that a single cavity can make all the spectral lines extremely narrow, whether they arise from cavity-coupled or cavity-free transitions. This effect is based on intrinsic cascade lasing feedback and makes it possible to use a single microwave cavity(even a bad cavity) to narrow the spectral lines in the optical frequency regime.     

基于新型量子点荧光微球的氯霉素免疫层析试纸条的制备和应用

以羧基化CdTe/ZnSe量子点荧光微球为标记物,通过1-乙基-(3-二甲基氨基丙基)碳二亚胺/N-羟基琥珀酰亚胺(EDC/NHS)活化法将氯霉素(CAP)单克隆抗体与量子点荧光微球偶联制备荧光探针.氯霉素全抗原(CAP-HS-BSA)及羊抗鼠二抗分别喷涂硝酸纤维素膜,形成检测线(T线)和质控线(C线),组装成新型氯霉素量子点荧光微球免疫层析试纸条,建立了快速、定量检测牛奶中CAP的方法.本研究开发的量子点荧光微球试纸条可在15 min内完成牛奶样品中CAP的定量检测,线性范围为0.1~100.0μg/L,检出限为0.1μg/L.牛奶样品CAP的加标回收率为93.3%~97.9%,相对标准偏差在4.9%~6.9%之间.     

Spectroscopic diagnostics of laser-induced plasmas

An overview of spectroscopic diagnostics techniques for low temperature plasmas is presented with an emphasis to electron number density — N_e measurement. Stark broadening of non-hydrogenic atom and positive ion spectral lines is given. The attention is drawn to experimental techniques used for line intensity and line profile measurement. Self-absorption test, importance of Abel inversion, deconvolution of experimental line profiles and measurement of line asymmetry are treated in some detail in order to improve N_e measurements. Finally the sources of theoretical and experimental Stark broadening data are reviewed and some details discussed.     

Modeling sequence scrambling and related phenomena in mixed-model production lines

In this paper we examine the various effects that workstations and rework loops with identical parallel processors and stochastic processing times have on the performance of a mixed-model production line. Of particular interest are issues related to sequence scrambling. In many production systems (especially those operating on just-in-time or in-line vehicle sequencing principles), the sequence of orders is selected carefully to optimize line efficiency while taking into account various line balancing and product spacing constraints. However, this sequence is often altered due to stochastic factors during production. This leads to significant economic consequences, due to either the degraded performance of the production line, or the added cost of restoring the sequence (via the use of systems such as mix banks or automated storage and retrieval systems). We develop analytical formulas to quantify both the extent of sequence scrambling caused by a station of the production line, and the effects of this scrambling on downstream performance. We also develop a detailed Markov chain model to analyze related issues regarding line stoppages and throughput. We demonstrate the usefulness of our methods on a range of illustrative numerical examples, and discuss the implications from a managerial point of view.     

用高中数学求解异面直线公垂线方程

用高中向量基础知识和待定法可非常方便地得出n（n≥3）维线性空间中异面直线的公垂线方程.若在大学数学教学中挖掘与中学数学的衔接和联系,则可在很大程度上降低大学数学的教学难度.     

Large deviations for hitting times of a random walk in random environment on a strip

We consider a random walk in random environment on a strip, which is transient to the right. The random environment is stationary and ergodic. By the constructed enlarged random environment which was first introduced by Goldsheid （2008）, we obtain the large deviations conditioned on the environment （in the quenched case） for the hitting times of the random walk.     

Analysis of Compression Stress of a Filler and Bending of a Sandwich Panel under Multipoint Loading

The distribution of transverse stresses in the midlayer of a composite sandwich panel under multipoint loading is investigated. The stresses averaged across the thickness of a soft filler are estimated using a discrete model. Finite expressions for the compression of the filler along the length of the panel are derived by means of superposition of the local effects from the bending of face layers under an infinite system of transverse point forces constant across the panel thickness. The effects of compression and transverse extension of the filler, in the case of a high distribution frequency of these forces, i.e., when the distance between the forces is comparable to the panel thickness, are revealed. Compression of the panel by two systems of forces applied symmetrically or nonsymmetrically to the upper and lower faces is considered. The bending characteristics in the cases of loading with point forces and piecewise distributed loads are compared. The formulas obtained are used to determine the length of a small region on the panel surface for which the local effects from the distributed pressure and the point force are equivalent. The corresponding estimates are obtained in a closed form. The analysis, carried out with varied parameters of the structure, allows us to elucidate the peculiarities of the effect of discontinuous loads on the design characteristics in the local zones, using finite expressions derived by the operational method.     

Hydraulic analysis of free-surface flows with solidification

Summary The paper is concerned with a one-dimensional analysis of plane open-channel flow with continuous solidification. The process is of relevance for recent developments in the casting of steel and other metals. The bottom of the channel consists of a rotating casting roll and a horizontal cooling table, where the solidified material is withdrawn with given velocity. The study is restricted to the region downstream of the top of the casting roll. Surface tension is neglected. In the main part of the analysis inviscid fluid flow is considered since the Reynolds number is very large in the applications. It is found that the steady-state solutions are nonunique in a certain parameter range. In addition to a continuous solution, there are two solutions including hydraulic jumps, with one hydraulic jump being located on the casting roll, the other one on the cooling table. Regarding the stability of the non unique solutions, the evolution of disturbances is investigated numerically as an initial-value problem. It is concluded that the hydraulic jump on the cooling table is unstable, while the other discontinuous solution as well as the continuous solution are stable for sufficiently small disturbances. Which stable solution is attained in the steady state, depends on the history of the process. Friction at the liquid/solid interface is taken into account in the last part of the analysis. A constant friction coefficient is assumed. It is found that the history of the process determines the steady-state solution if, and only if, the friction coefficient is sufficiently small. For larger values of the friction coefficient, the steady-state solution is unique and independent of the history of the transient process. Furthermore, for sufficiently large friction coefficients, stable hydraulic jumps are found, in contrast to the inviscid case, also on the cooling table. Received 19 March 1999; accepted for publication 3 May 1999     

ELASTIC CALCULATION OF STRESSES IN RINGS USING AIRY STRESS FUNCTION

Stress calculation formulae for a ring have been obtained by using Airy stress function of the plane strain field with the decomposition of the solutions for normal stresses of Airy biharmonic equation into two parts when it is loaded under two opposite inside forces along a diameter. One part should fulfill a constraint condition about normal stress distribution along the circumference at an energy valley to do the minimum work. Other part is a stress residue constant. In order to verify these formulae and the computed results, the computed contour lines of equi-maximal shear stresses were plotted and quite compared with that of photo-elasticity test results. This constraint condition about normal stress distribution along circumference is confirmed by using Greens’ theorem. An additional compression exists along the circumference of the loaded ring, explaining the divorcement and displacement of singularity points at inner and outer boundaries.     

输电线路等效电阻的计算

本文通过对趋肤效应的分析 ,讨论了输电线路中的焦耳热 ,并给出其等效电阻的计算结果