High‐Resolution Submillimeter Wave Spectroscopy of Hydrogen Sulphide with Heterodyne Spectrometer

A submillimeter heterodyne spectrometer using continuous wave optically pumped molecular laser as local oscillator and Schottky diode as mixer was developed at Physical Research Laboratory, Ahmedabad (India) for quantitative spectroscopy of polyatomic molecules in laboratory. The experimental details of spectrometer and its application to study of molecular line parameters are presented. In particular line strength, collision line width (self and foreign) of H₂S 5_5,05_4,1 transition¹(579.799 GHz) have been measured. Air molecules have been used as foreign (perturbing) molecules taking Earths atmosphere into consideration².     

Diode laser spectroscopy of ammonia and ethylene overtones

Some overtone absorption lines of ammonia and ethylene have been examined by using a tunable diode laser (TDL) spectrometer in the region around 12,650 and 11,800 cm(-1), respectively. The spectrometer sources are commercially available double heterostructure InGaAlAs and AlGaAs TDLs operating in the "free-running" mode. The high resolving power ( approximately 10(7) ) of the spectrometer permitted the detection and the study of the line positions of such molecules with a precision better than 0.01 cm(-1). In order to maximize the signal to noise ratio and to extract the necessary informations either on the line width and on the line position for the detected molecular resonances, the wavelength modulation spectroscopy (WMS) along with the second harmonic detection techniques have been applied. For this purpose, the fitting procedure took into account the instrumental effects and the amplitude modulation (AM) always associated with the frequency modulation (FM) of these type of sources. This technique permitted also the measurement of the collisional-broadening and -shifting coefficients by different buffer gases at room temperature.     

基于激光诱导击穿光谱的波长校准法研究

基于线列光探测器件的光谱仪具有多光谱通道探测的优点，以及其在物质光谱分析中担当的重要角色。分析了基于线列光探测器件光谱仪的波长准确度问题，提出利用激光诱导击穿原子光谱丰富波长校准特征波长谱线的思想。实验选用光谱波长范围为200nm～600nm的凹面光栅光谱仪、2048元焦平面的CCD器件和低压汞灯，分别对铜、铝、镁、钙、硅等5种样品进行了激光诱导击穿光谱试验；利用选取的10条激光诱导原子光谱波长数据并结合低压汞灯的10条特征谱线对光栅光谱仪重新进行波长校准，获取的试验数据有力地证明了这种思想的可行性。     

利用红外波段的大气消光特性测量大气水汽总量

大气总水汽量是天文观测和气象科学领域最为重要的参量之一。介绍一种测量大气水汽总量的新方法和仪器。该仪器采用电荷耦合器件(CCD)制作的光谱仪来测量日光或月光通过大气后在750nm～1000nm近红外波段的光谱，进而计算出935nm水汽吸收带相对于889nm背景的剩余强度，再根据R=0.59W函数模式求出大气水汽含量。最后讨论了水汽测量仪的定标方法、性能及其优缺点，给出了测试结果。测试结果表明：该测量仪器测量水汽方法直观，性能稳定。     

基于线阵CCD的小型光谱仪光度特性研究

基于线阵电荷耦合器件（CCD）的小型光谱仪具有便于携带和快速探测的优点，故特别适于现场检测应用。介绍一种自行研制的小型光栅光谱仪，它采用Czerny-Turner式光学结构，并用线阵CCD作为探测器。该光谱仪光度特性的实验检测结果证明：实验样机的光度精密度优于±0.04Abs，光度准确度为±0.04Abs（0Abs～1Abs）。实验分析了光谱仪的杂散光、光度噪声和基线平直度等指标对仪器光度准确度的影响。最后针对小型光谱仪的特点提出改善其光度特性的措施。     

‘神光Ⅱ’上冲击波法测量黑腔辐射温度

 在“神光Ⅱ”三倍频装置上,由黑腔产生的辐射驱动铝台阶样品产生冲击波,采用光学条纹相机测量冲击波速度,利用冲击波速度与黑腔辐射温度的定标关系,获得了与软X光能谱仪测量相一致的辐射温度;采用热波关系和能量守恒原理对辐射温度进行了分析,计算结果与实验结果一致。     

分光计的激光辅助调节装置

针对分光计所采用的阿贝目镜式望远镜给分光计的调节带来的困难,设计了用半导体激光器制作的辅助调节装置来代替望远镜中的阿贝式目镜进行调节,可直观、迅速地调节分光计.     

棱镜法测量水的色散

本文改进了测量液体折射率的一种方法，由原先对单色波长光源测量液体折射率发展为用复合光源（汞灯）直接测量色散．在原先两个等边三棱镜之间加入液体膜，在利用全反射原理的基础上，增加了一个棱镜用于产生色散．测出了水对于不同波长的光的色散，与文献对照不确定度在0．1％以内．最后对这种测量方法作了讨论．     

A high resolution X-ray crystal spectrometer to study electron and heavy-ion impact atomic collisions

We have studied fast ion-atom and electron-atom collision processes using a reconditioned high resolution X-ray spectrometer. The X-rays, generated by the collisions, are dispersed by a curved ADP crystal (Johansson geometry) and detected by a gas proportional counter. A self-written LabVIEW based program has been used to give precise and controlled movement to the crystal and for data acquisition. The performance was tested by detecting the Kα diagram and satellite lines of several elements. The Kα satellite lines of Al have been studied in collision with 3–12 keV electrons and 40 MeV C⁴⁺ ions. In ion collisions as large as four L-vacancies are created simultaneously with the K-vacancy, compared to two satellites in case of the e-impact. In addition, we have measured the X-rays from H-, He- and Li-like Si ions which arise due to the electron loss/capture process in highly charged 80 MeV Si⁷⁺ ions in collision with thin carbon foil. Approximate charge state distribution has been obtained using this new technique.      

Determination of traces of elements in solutions by the method of flame atomic-ionization spectroscopy

Multistage effective excitation circuits for a sodium atom in a propane-butane-air flame are studied experimentally. Consideration is given to the effectiveness of the excitation and ionization of an Au atom following the collision scheme