木质装饰板材贫氧条件下燃烧和热解特性研究

本文利用热重差热分析仪,在各种不同的氧气浓度下对落叶松、红木和红松样品进行实验。通过对TG、DTG和DTA曲线的分析,样品干燥基要经历两个失重过程,第一个失重过程主要是纤维素和半纤维素的热解,第二个失重过程主要是木质素的炭化分解和燃烧。在各氧气浓度条件下,热解失重的第一个阶段TG和DTG曲线差异很小;在各样品失重的第二个阶段,随着氧气浓度的增加,TG和DTG曲线左移,反应结束的温度明显降低。氧气能使木质素的炭化物氧化并进而可能使其着火燃烧,从而使反应进程加快。当氧气浓度大于6.32%时,各样品DTA曲线上均有两个明显放热峰,并且随着氧气浓度的增加,DTA曲线放热峰越尖锐,放热峰面积越大,说明氧气浓度越大,在两阶段失重过程中更多的挥发分物质和固体炭化物参与燃烧。     

限流沿对撞壁射流近壁区混合过程影响的实验研究(一)

本文研究了射流气体撞壁后在放有条形障碍物(以下称之为限流沿)的壁面上的发展过程．实验发现：在限流沿高度合适的情况下，射流气体与限流沿相撞后会脱离壁面形成空间流动。其中，限流沿高度、射流入射角度是决定射流气体撞击限流沿后的发展过程的重要参数，限流沿的存在成功地防止了近壁处的浓混合气层的形成．     

Visualization of flameholding mechanisms in a supersonic combustor using PLIF

Laser-induced fluorescence of OH and CH₂O was imaged to investigate the flame stabilization mechanism in a flameholder with a Mach 2.4 free stream. Ethylene was burned in a rectangular cavity with two points of injection: the aft wall and the cavity floor. When injected from the aft wall, the fuel came into immediate contact with hot combustion products from the reaction zone under the shear layer. Primary combustion occurred under the shear layer and in the aft region of the cavity volume. In contrast, when fuel was injected from the floor, a jet-driven recirculation zone of hot products near the upstream wall of the cavity served as a flameholder. The reaction then occurred on the underside of the shear layer. In conditions near lean blowout, significant changes in the flameholding mechanisms were observed. Improved CH₂O fluorescence signal was obtained by taking advantage of the long fluorescence lifetime at low pressures and delaying the camera gate to reduce the background signal.     

Direct numerical simulation of diluted combustion by evaporating droplets

Diluted combustion has been studied using DNS in a three-dimensional temporally developing reacting shear-layer with the oxidizer stream laden with evaporating droplets. The gaseous phase is described in the Eulerian frame while the discrete droplet phase is treated in the Lagrangian frame, with strong two-way coupling between the two phases through mass, momentum and energy exchange. Grid-resolution-independent results have been obtained in cases without and with droplets. A comprehensive parametric study has been conducted by varying the initial Stokes number (St₀) and mass loading ratio (MLR₀). Detailed field analysis has been conducted to examine the complex nonlinear interactions among droplet dynamics, evaporation, turbulence and combustion, and so on. Effects of evaporating droplets on averaged flow and combustion quantities have also been presented. In particular, the conditional scalar dissipation rate is found to be enhanced by evaporating droplets, which suggests that they can promote micromixing and combustion under certain conditions, in addition to their roles in combustion suppression. The transport equation for the mixture fraction variance has been analyzed, with a focus on the vaporization-related source terms. Such source terms exhibit more complex local variations in the present shear-flow non-premixed flame configuration, compared with the case in the homogeneous decaying turbulence configuration of Réveillon and Vervisch (2000).     

Effects of CeO2-ZrO2 present in Pd/Al2O3 catalysts on the redox behavior of PdOx and their combustion activity

The ceria-zirconium-modified alumina-supported palladium catalysts are prepared using impregnation method with H₂PdCl₄ as Pd source, hydrazine hydrate as reducing agent. The physicochemical properties of these catalysts are characterized by BET surface area (BET), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), temperature programmed reduction (H₂-TPR) and temperature programmed oxidation (O₂-TPO) techniques, and their catalytic activities for the combustion of methane are examined. The results show that the palladium mainly exist in a highly dispersed PdO species on Ce-Zr-rich grains as well as Al₂O₃-rich grains surfaces, and a stable PdO species due to the strong interaction between PdO and CeO₂-ZrO₂ on the Ce-Zr/Al₂O₃ surfaces. The catalytic activity is strongly related to the redox behavior of PdO species highly dispersed on Ce-Zr-rich grains and Al₂O₃-rich grains surfaces, and the higher the reducibility of the PdO species, the higher the catalytic activity. The presence of Ce-Zr in Pd/Al₂O₃ catalyst would inhibit the site growth of PdO_x particles and decomposition of PdO to Pd⁰, and the reoxidation property of Pd⁰ to PdO_x is significantly improved, which obviously increases thermal stability and catalytic activity of Pd/Ce-Zr/Al₂O₃ catalyst for the methane combustion.     

基于缸内直喷的汽油HCCI燃烧特性的研究

实现汽油机的均质混合气压燃(HCCI)的难点是精确地控制着火时刻、燃烧速率以及扩展高负荷运行范围.在缸内直喷汽油机(GDI)上试验研究了分层混合气和辅助火花点火对HCCI燃烧特性的影响,考察了对不同运行工况时的适应性.开展了负阀重叠与缸内多段喷油相结合控制HCCI着火稳定性的研究,考察了不同喷油控制策略对HCCI燃烧的影响,确定了HCCI运行工况范围.     

Er,Yb：(LaLu)2O3透明陶瓷制备及上转换发光性能

采用柠檬酸燃烧法制备Er,Yb：（LaLu）₂O₃陶瓷粉体,用X射线衍射对其进行了物相鉴定,研究表明1 000℃时已经得到纯相的（LaLu）₂O₃。采用冷等静压-真空烧结法制备了Er,Yb：（LaLu）₂O₃和Er：（LaLu）₂O₃陶瓷,对陶瓷的结构和光谱性能进行了详细的研究,研究发现掺杂5% Yb³⁺和10% La³⁺样品的上转换发光强度与未掺Yb³⁺、La³⁺样品相比明显增大,根据上转换光谱显示较强发射峰位于564 nm和661 nm处,对应Er³⁺的⁴S_3/2（²H_11/2）→⁴I_15/2能级跃迁和⁴F_9/2→⁴I_15/2能级跃迁,并讨论了Er³⁺-Yb³⁺的能量传递过程及其上转换发光机制。     

稳态燃烧室进气过程的大涡模拟

为精确描述燃烧室进气过程中的流场动态特性,本文应用大涡模拟模型对燃烧室稳态进气过程进行三维瞬态数值模拟研究,着重考察了三种不同亚网格模型(SGS)的性能,这三种SGS模型是:代数Smagorinsky模型、动态Smagorinsky模型和单方程动态动能输运模型(LDKEM)。计算结果表明LEDKEM模型和动态Smagorinsky模型均能较好地反映流场的瞬变性和随机性,前者性能最佳;而代数Smagorinsky模型精度较差,且不能模拟流场的微结构。     

The slowly reacting mode of combustion of gaseous mixtures in spherical vessels. Part 1: Transient analysis and explosion limits

Frank-Kamenetskii's analysis of thermal explosions is revisited, using also a single-reaction model with an Arrhenius rate having a large activation energy, to describe the transient combustion of initially cold gaseous mixtures enclosed in a spherical vessel with a constant wall temperature. The analysis shows two modes of combustion. There is a flameless slowly reacting mode for low wall temperatures or small vessel sizes, when the temperature rise resulting from the heat released by the reaction is kept small by the heat-conduction losses to the wall, so as not to change significantly the order of magnitude of the reaction rate. In the other mode, the slow reaction rates occur only in an initial ignition stage, which ends abruptly when very large reaction rates cause a temperature runaway, or thermal explosion, at a well-defined ignition time and location, thereby triggering a flame that propagates across the vessel to consume the reactant rapidly. Explosion limits are defined, in agreement with Frank-Kamenetskii's analysis, by the limiting conditions for existence of the slowly reacting mode of combustion. In this mode, a quasi-steady temperature distribution is established after a transient reaction stage with small reactant consumption. Most of the reactant is burnt, with nearly uniform mass fraction, in a subsequent long stage during which the temperature follows a quasi-steady balance between the rates of heat conduction to the wall and of chemical heat release. The changes in the explosion limits caused by the enhanced heat-transfer rates associated with buoyant motion are described in an accompanying paper.     

燃煤锅炉燃烧过程与NOx排放的模型与数值计算

本文以一台前墙布置有24只旋流燃烧器的350 MW燃煤电站锅炉为研究对象,对锅炉在100%、95%、85%、70%和50%额定负荷下的流动、燃烧和NOx排放进行了全炉膛数值模拟。模拟结果与锅炉运行和实测数据进行了全面比较并发现,除50%负荷外,其余工况两者符合情况良好。文中提出并采用了NOx模拟中相关的模型参数;对炉内空气量、炉温与NOx生成关系的计算结果表明, NOx的最终排放对温度的敏感性更强。