Implementation of all‐Mach Roe‐type schemes in fully implicit CFD solvers – demonstration for wind turbine flows

This paper presents the implementation of all‐Mach Roe‐type schemes in a fully implicit CFD solver. Simple 2D cases, such as the flow around inviscid and viscous aerofoils, were used for an initial validation of these methods, along with more challenging computations consisting of the 3D flow around the Model Experiments in Controlled Conditions wind turbine, in parked and rotating conditions. This work is motivated by the increased interest of the wind turbine industry in larger diameter wind turbines where compressibility effects near the blade tips may be important. Instead of using an incompressible flow solver, this paper explores the option of modifying an existing, efficient, compressible flow solver for use at lower Mach numbers. The good performance of the Roe solver and its popularity influenced the selection of schemes for this work. The results suggest that effective all‐Mach solutions are possible with implicit solvers, and the paper defines the implementation of the new fluxes and Jacobian, including an investigation of some numerical parameters, using as platform the Helicopter Multi‐Block solver of Liverpool University. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Numerical and analytical study of transverse supersonic flow over a flat cone

Quasisteady supersonic flow over a flat cone on a plane surface is studied. A formula is derived for the angle through which the flow lines turn at the cone. The results are used to justify the use of two-dimensional simulations of the flow. Peak pressures and total impulses are obtained numerically for various cone angles.This article was processed using Springer-Verlag T_EX Shock Waves macro package 1990.     

利用马赫-增德尔干涉仪改善光纤激光器输出激光性能的研究

本文设计了马赫-曾德尔干涉仪(MZI)在实验上改善1.5μm光纤激光器的输出性能,研究了MZI分束镜的反射率以及锁定MZI透过率对抑制激光输出噪声的影响。在MZI运转于最佳状态时,1.5μm光纤激光器的功率稳定性由±0.20%提升至±0.09%,激光的强度噪声在10 kHz^35 kHz分析频率范围内得到了抑制,在分析频率为15 kHz处,强度噪声降低了约8 dB,为制备1.5μm非经典光场提供了优质激光光源。     

量子密钥分发实验中的符合测量方法

采用符合测量方法提高全光纤量子密钥分发系统的数据采集速度，寻求更高的密钥生成率。主要论述了光路中的改进和符合测量的步骤、方法以及在密钥分发实验中的应用。     

级联马赫-曾德尔干涉仪光学梳状滤波的理论研究

提出一种级联马赫-曾德尔光纤进一步仪,它是采用多个3dB耦合器串联而成的。模拟与分析表明,当光纤进一步臂长度差ΔL按顺序取一系列定值时,将得到性能良好的梳状出射谱图。其进一步峰的边模抑制比随干涉臂数目的增多而变大。     

Experiments on the interaction of a pair of cylindrical weak blast waves in air

This paper reports the results of experiments and computations on the interaction of a pair of cylindrical blast waves in air. The waves were generated by exploding wires, and both symmetrical and unsymmetrical interactions were observed. The experimental data includes schlieren photographs of the wave interactions, their radii, shock Mach number and pressure versus time, as well as various cross plots and data on the shock regular/irregular interaction transition condition. The flow fields were computed with the help of the Total Variation Diminishing (TVD) method, and appear to represent the experimental results reasonably well. Some attention is also given to the blast scaling laws of the type discussed by Sakurai (1965) and Oshima (1960).This article was processed using Springer-Verlag TEX Shock Waves macro package 1990.     

Shock wave calibration of under-expanded natural gas fuel jets

Natural gas, a fuel abundant in nature, cannot be used by itself in conventional diesel engines because of its low cetane number. However, it can be used as the primary fuel with ignition by a pilot diesel spray. This is called dual-fuelling. The gas may be introduced either into the inlet manifold or, preferably, directly into the cylinder where it is injected as a short duration, intermittent, sonic jet. For accurate delivery in the latter case, a constant flow-rate from the injector is required into the constantly varying pressure in the cylinder. Thus, a sonic (choked) jet is required which is generally highly under-expanded. Immediately at the nozzle exit, a shock structure develops which can provide essential information about the downstream flow. This shock structure, generally referred to as a “barrel” shock, provides a key to understanding the full injection process. It is examined both experimentally and numerically in this paper.

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利用Mach-Zehnder干涉仪测量晶体的折射率与光学均匀性

本文介绍了利用Ｍａｃｈ－Ｚｅｈｎｄｅｒ干涉仪测量平板状透明介质折射率的方法，给出了测量公式，分析了各种测量误差以及可能达到的测量精度。通过对纯质ＬｉＮｂＯ３晶体片的折射率ｎｅ的测量，证实了该方法的可行性，并表明其特别适合于高折射率的各向异性晶体片折射率的测量。     

谐振腔马赫-曾德尔干涉集成光波导陀螺

研究了光学环形腔中的单方向传输光在光学谐振腔中传输的情况,在系统旋转角速率变化时光束会产生频移,在此基础上,设计出一种具有谐振腔马赫-曾德尔干涉集成光波导陀螺结构,可以方便地检测出系统旋转角速率与方向,其检测精度与光波导谐振腔的品质无关。和萨尼亚克集成光波导陀螺相比较,性能价格比有进一步提高的潜力。     

关于HL—1M马赫探针及其诊断数据处理

在简要回顾了马赫探针主要物理模型的基础上,论述了ＨＬ－１Ｍ装置的马赫探针诊断。分析表明,马赫探针阵列设计中的问题和对非平行流数据处理物理模型上的问题,导致处理所得物理实验数据失去意义,为了获得可靠结果,建议改进探针阵列设计,并采用正确数据处理方法。