Texture formation in polycrystalline diamond vapour growth under the influence of a pulsed supersonic beam

Polycrystalline diamond film deposition is studied under the influence of a pulsed supersonic beam. The beam is formed by a high-pressure value which is used as gas inlet in an otherwise conventional hot-filament reactor. The growth rate of the films as well as the typical size of the microcrystallites are independent of the stagnation pressure behind the nozzle of the valve as long as the background pressure and the gas flow through the chamber are kept constant. In contrast, a drastic change in texture formation is found.     

A quantum long time energy red shift: a contribution to varying <Emphasis Type="Italic">α</Emphasis> theories

By analyzing the survival probability amplitude of an unstable state we show that the energy corrections to this state in the long (t→∞) and relatively short (lifetime of the state) time regions are different. It is shown that in the considered model the above corrections decrease to zero as t→∞. It is hypothesized that this property could be detected by analyzing the spectra of distant astrophysical objects. The above property of unstable states may influence the measured values of possible deviations of the fine structure constant α as well as other astrophysical and cosmological parameters.     

Upgrading the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility

We report a major upgrading work currently underway at the RIKEN-RAL Muon Facility. A slow muon beam line has been constructed at Port 3 experimental area in order to generate a low-energy, low-emittance positive muon beam, which will open many new possibilities for use of the muon beam. Meanwhile, a new experimental port is under construction to accommodate new experimental programs such as measurement of muonic X-rays from ions implanted to deuterium layer. This revised version was published online in August 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Orientation of a photo-sensitive polymeric monolayer studied by second-harmonic generation

∞v to C_1v by the photo-isomerization process, with the azobenzene conformation retained as trans-isomer. Received: 5 April 1997     

Detecting the Neutrino

In 1930 Wolfgang Pauli suggested that a new particle might be required to make sense of the radioactive-disintegration mode known as beta decay. This conjecture initially seemed impossible to verify since the new particle, which became known as the neutrino, was uncharged, had zero or small mass, and interacted only insignificantly with other matter. In 1951 Frederick Reines and Clyde L. Cowan, Jr., of the Los Alamos Scientific Laboratory undertook the difficult task of detecting the free neutrino by observing its inverse beta-decay interaction with matter. They succeeded in 1956. The neutrino was accepted rapidly as a fundamental particle despite discrepancies in reported details of the experiments and despite the absence of independent verification of the result. This paper describes the experiments, examines the nature of the discrepancies, and discusses the circumstances of the acceptance of the neutrino's detection by the physics community.     

日-地系拉格朗日L1点太阳观测器热设计

对将运行于日-地L1点的太阳观测器进行了热设计,重点论述了日-地L1点的轨道外热流计算和Lyman α日冕仪（LACI）反射镜M2光阱、Lyman α日冕成像仪（LADI）滤光片组件、CCD组件、电箱、观测器主体等部分的热设计方案。通过在探测器对日面设置集热板,将观测器的主动加热功耗降低了73％;选用预埋热管的设计方案解决了对日定向观测导致的框架温差问题。仿真分析结果表明,在对日高温工作、对日低温工作、低温存储、轨道转移等4个极端工况下,观测器各组件温度均满足指标要求。该热设计方案以较低的加热功耗,解决了太阳观测器在轨工作阶段的散热、轨道转移阶段的保温等问题,满足CCD焦面工作温度＜-50℃的要求。     

Abundant multisoliton structures of the Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equation

Using the homogenous balance method, the nonlinear transformations of the (2+1)-dimensional integrable Konopelchenko-Dubrovsky equation are given, and then some new special types of single solitary wave solution and the multisoliton solutions are constructed. The project is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province in China and the Natural Science Foundation of Liaocheng University.     

The study of soliton fission and fusion in (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear system

By means of a variable separation approach and an extended homogeneous balance method, a general variable separation excitation of a (2+1)-dimensional nonlinear system is derived. Based on the derived solution with arbitrary functions, we reveal soliton fission and fusion phenomena in the (2+1)-dimensional soliton system.     

Measurement of tortuosity in aluminum foams using airborne ultrasound

The slow compressional wave in air-saturated aluminum foams was studied by means of ultrasonic transverse transmission method over a frequency range from 0.2 MHz to 0.8 MHz. The samples investigated have three different cell sizes or pores per inch (5, 10 and 20 ppi) and each size has three aluminum volume fractions (5%, 8% and 12% AVF). Phase velocities show minor dispersion at low frequencies but remain constant after 0.7 MHz. Pulse broadening and amplitude attenuation are obvious and increase with increasing ppi. Attenuation increases considerably with AVF for 20 ppi foams. Tortuosity ranges from 1.003 to 1.032 and increases with AVF and ppi. However, the increase of tortuosity with AVF is very small for 10 and 20 ppi samples.