Determination of Basic Nitrogen in Residues of Crude Oil Distillation Using ATR-FTIR and Chemometric Methods

A method for basic nitrogen determination in residues of crude oil distillation using infrared spectroscopy and chemometrics algorithms was developed. Interval partial least squares, synergy interval partial least squares, and backward interval partial least squares were evaluated for calibration model construction. The samples were divided into a calibration and prediction set containing 40 and 15 samples, respectively. The first derivative with a Savitzky-Golay filter and the mean centered data showed the best results and were used in all calibration models. The backward interval partial least squares algorithm with spectra divided in 60 intervals and combinations of 4 intervals (1407 to 1372; 1117 to 1082; 971 to 936; 914 to 879 cm^?1) showed the best root mean square error of prediction of 0.016 wt%. This calibration model displayed a suitable correlation coefficient between reference and predicted values.     

Biodegradation of a vegetable oil based polyurethane and wood flour composites

The biodegradation of a new tung oil based polyurethane and a derived wood flour (WF) composite was followed during 383 days of exposure to soil or vermiculite media. The hydrolytic degradation was the most important mechanism of deterioration in all cases. A shift of the glass transition towards higher temperatures was observed, which was explained as the result of the preferential attack and removal of free or dangling-pendant chains that plasticize the original material. The contact angle of water was observed to decrease with exposure to soil and vermiculite media, denoting changes in the surface of the material that increased its polarity. Simultaneously, changes in color and fracture surfaces were also evident.     

New potentially environmentally friendly copolymer of styrene and maleic acid—castor oil monoester

The maleic acid‐castor oil monoester (MACO) was synthesized and was used as monomer to synthesize a new potentially environmentally friendly copolymer of styrene and MACO (poly‐St/MACO) by suspension polymerization. Under the appropriate conditions, the poly‐St/MACO with yield of 81%, number average molecular weight of 44100 g/mol, and molecular weight distribution of 1.5 could be obtained. The chemical structures of the MACO and resulting copolymer were confirmed by Mass Spectrometry Infrared Spectroscopy and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy H[1]. The results of thermogravimetric analysis and biodegradation test showed the poly‐St/MACO can be used as a new potentially environmentally friendly material with excellent thermal stability. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Isolation and Determination of Sterols in Rapeseed Oil by HPLC-MS

This article has been retracted     

Rapid Authentication of Olive Oil by Raman Spectroscopy Using Principal Component Analysis

A method of principal component analysis was employed to authenticate genuine olive oil based on Raman spectroscopy, which can reliably distinguish olive oil from other types of oils and can also accurately identify the level of adulteration in a set of olive oil samples contaminated with 5% or more of other types of oils, such as soybean oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower seed oil, and corn oil. The method is very easy, effective, time-saving, and requires minimal sample preparation. Therefore, the method is a promising technique for the rapid authentication application of olive oil.

[Supplementary materials are available for this article. Go to the publisher's online edition of Analytical Letters for the following free supplemental resource(s): Additional text and table]     

四种合成油微动磨损性能比较研究

本文对GCr15钢/45#钢摩擦副在聚醚、合成酯、聚α-烯烃和硅油润滑下的切向微动磨损性能进行了实验研究.结果表明:在微动滑移区,与干摩擦相比,不同合成油润滑下的摩擦系数和磨损降低幅度不同.极性聚醚和合成酯形成的边界吸附膜使微动的摩擦系数比聚α-烯烃和硅油低;硅油表面张力小且黏压系数最低,形成的油膜最薄且更易在摩擦表面微裂纹中渗透,导致较大的稳态摩擦系数和磨损;聚α-烯烃润滑下微动初期形成的白层有助于降低磨损.     

用色谱-质谱方法鉴定薄荷油中的异构体

用毛细管气相色谱－质谱联用、程序升温方法分析了一种薄荷油的化学成分、共分离出20个组分,其中含4组异构体,它们分别是：m/z=136的5个成分α－蒎烯、β－蒎烯、β－月桂烯、α－菲兰烯和柠檬烯;m/z＝154的2个成分（cis)－薄荷酮和（2R－cis)－薄荷酮;m/z＝156的2个成分（1α.2α.5β）－薄荷醇和（1α.2β.5β）－薄荷醇;以及m/z＝204的8个成分（1α,3aα,3bβ,6aβ,6bα）－十氢－3a－甲基－6－亚甲基－1－异丙基－环丁烷并[1,2:3,4]二环戊烯、[1R-(1R,4E,9S)－4,11,11－三甲基－8亚甲基－双环（7．2．0）十一碳4－烯、[1R-(1aα,7α,7aα,7bα]-1a,2,3,5,6,7,7a,7b-八氢－1,1,7,7a-四甲基－1氢－环丙烷[α]并萘、[1aR-(1aα,4aα,7α,7aβ,7bα）－十氢,1,1,7－三甲基4－亚甲基－1－氢－环丙烷[e]并奥、（1S-exo）－2－甲基－3－亚甲基－2－（4－甲基－3－戊烯基）－二环（2．2．1）庚烷、（3aα,3bα,4α,7β,7aR）－八氢－7甲基－3亚甲基－4－异丙基－1氢－不戊烷[ 1,3]并环丙烷[1,2]并苯、1－乙烯基－1－甲基－2－异丙烯基－4（1－甲基亚乙基）环己烷和绿叶烯。     

Synthesis of Conjugated Polymer Nanoparticles in Non‐Aqueous Emulsions

Summary: A novel non‐aqueous emulsion system, consisting of cyclohexane as the continuous and acetonitrile as the dispersed phase, is described. Stabilization of the system can be achieved by using polyisoprene‐block‐poly(methyl methacrylate) copolymers as emulsifiers. The suitability of this system for performing water‐sensitive, catalytic, and oxidative polymerizations and polycondensations is demonstrated by the synthesis of poly(3,4‐ethylenedioxythiophene), poly(thiophene‐3‐yl‐acetic acid), and polyacetylene. In all cases spherical nanoparticles with diameters as small as 23 nm can be obtained.

     

Novel Solventless Extraction Technique to Preserve Cannabinoid and Terpenoid Profiles of Fresh Cannabis Inflorescence

Despite its use by humans for thousands of years, the technology of cannabis usage and extraction is still evolving. Given that the primary pharmacological compounds of interest are cannabinoid and terpenoids found in greatest abundance in capitate glandular trichomes of unfertilized female inflorescences, it is surprising that older techniques of hashish making have received less technological advancement. The purpose of this study was to employ organically grown cannabis and to isolate pure trichomes from freshly picked flowers via exposure to vapor from solid CO₂, commonly known as “dry ice”, followed by their isolation via sifting through a 150 µ screens while maintaining the cold chain. Biochemical analysis was undertaken on fresh flower, frozen-sifted flower by-products, treated trichomes (Kryo-Kief™), dried flower, dried sifted flower by-product and dried kief. The dry ice process successfully concentrated cannabinoid content as high as 60.7%, with corresponding concentration and preservation of monoterpenoids encountered in fresh flower that are usually lost during the conventional cannabis drying and curing process. The resulting dried sifted flower by-product after dry ice processing remains a usable commodity. This approach may be of interest to pharmaceutical companies and supplement producers pursuing cannabis-based medicine development with an eye toward full synergy of ingredients harnessing the entourage effect.