The effects of ultrasonic irradiation on the preparation and properties of Ormosils

Organically modified silicates (Ormosils), derived from silica and polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS), have been prepared by the sol-gel method with ultrasonic irradiation. Tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), PDMS, water and HCl were mixed and exposed to 20 kHz ultrasonic waves under various conditions. Ultrasonic irradiation shortened the gelation time and made it possible to obtain gels without the addition of solvent (e.g. alcohol and tetrahydrofuran (THF)). The reaction mechanism of the ultrasonic irradiated Ormosil solution was investigated by liquid state ²⁹Si NMR. The densities of the gels prepared under ultrasonic irradiation were found to be much higher than those without irradiation. The effect of solvent addition on the properties of gels was also investigated.     

超声介导微泡基因传递体系的研究

超声波能够在不损害人体正常组织的条件下,有效到达人体组织深处。超声造影剂（微泡）,能够显著提高血液和组织的背向散射强度,广泛应用于心血管疾病的检测中。超声微泡介导基因转染技术是指通过微泡的空化作用,实现超声波能量在靶向组织处的富集和释放,进而促进此处组织细胞对基因药物的内化,达到高效转染的目的。由于具有无创、高效安全的特点,超声微泡介导在基因治疗中具有很大的优势和潜力。利用微泡的超声成像功能实现对病变组织诊断成像,利用靶向组织处的超声实现时间空间可控的目的基因的释放,利用微泡在超声作用下的“声孔效应”,实现基因对多种生物膜的跨膜传递,达到基因药物的可视化传递与高效可控释放的目的。本文主要从超声造影剂的种类、超声微泡介导基因转染的机理、微泡基因传递体系的构建等方面,详细综述了这一领域最新的研究进展,并对超声微泡介导基因转染的发展进行了展望。     

超声波照射激活亚甲基蓝(MB)声动力损伤牛血清白蛋白(BSA)

超声波;亚甲基蓝(MB);牛血清白蛋白(BSA);损伤     

Effects Of Ultrasound On Voltammetric Measurements At An Ag Cylinder Electrode

IntroductionSonovoltammetryhasrecentlybeenestablishedasanewelectrochemicalmethodandthebenefitsofexposingelectrolyticprocesstopowerfulultrasoundhavebeenrecognizedforalongperiod"'.Thedevelopmentofultrasoundinavarietyofelectroanalyticalandsyntheticprocesseswillbeseeninafewyears.ThepresentpaperseekstoidentifyandinterPrettheroleofmetalsolidelectrodesurfaceactivationand/orcleaningasamechanismundertheultrasound.Forthispurpose,wemadeuseofanAgcylinderelectrode,whichisoftenusedastheelectrodeactivemater…     

皮肤微循环无损伤光学成像技术的新进展

微循环信息的获取对于各类疾病的诊断和治疗有着及其重要的作用。皮肤微循环无损伤成像技术取得了很大的进展,出现了各种非光学方法(核磁共振成像、正电子发射断层成像术、超声波成像等)和光学方法(共焦显微镜、光学相干断层摄影术、新型的正交偏振光谱成像技术等)。主要介绍了皮肤微循环无损伤光学成像技术的新进展。     

Effect of exposure parameters on cavitation induced by low-level dual-frequency ultrasound

In order to quantify the effects of exposure parameters under therapeutic conditions such as sonodynamic therapy, it is necessary initially to evaluate the inertial cavitation activity in vitro. In this study, the dependence of cavitation activity induced by the low-level dual-frequency ultrasound irradiation on exposure parameters has been studied. Experiments were performed in the near 150 kHz and 1 MHz fields in the progressive wave mode. It has been shown that at constant ultrasound energy the fluorescence intensity for continuous sonication is higher than for pulsed mode. With increasing the duty cycle of pulsed field, the inertial cavitation activity is increased. The activity of cavitation produced by simultaneous combined sonication by two ultrasound fields is remarkably higher than the algebraic sum of effects produced by fields separately (p-value < 0.05). This study shows that simultaneous combined dual-frequency ultrasound sonication in continuous mode is more effective in producing inertial cavitation activity at low-level intensity. Therefore, it is concluded that investigations in this combined ultrasound sonication can be useful in sonodynamic therapy for superficial tumors.     

High-power ultrasound in olive paste pretreatment. Effect on process yield and virgin olive oil characteristics

The effect of high-power ultrasound on olive paste, on laboratory thermo-mixing operations for virgin olive oil extraction, has been studied. Direct sonication by an ultrasound probe horn (105 W cm⁻² and 24 kHz) and indirect sonication with an ultrasound-cleaning bath (150 W and 25 kHz) were applied and their effects compared with the conventional thermal treatment.

A quick-heating of olive paste, from ambient (12–20 °C) to optimal temperature conditions (28–30 °C), and an oil extractability improvement were observed when applying sonication. Better extractability was obtained by direct sonication for high moisture olives (>50%) whereas indirect sonication gave greater extractability for low moisture olive fruits (<50%).

Optimal application of ultrasound was achieved with direct sonication for 4 min at the beginning of paste malaxation and with indirect sonication during the malaxation time.

Effect of high-power ultrasound on oil quality parameters and nutritional and sensory characteristics were studied. Changes in quality parameters (free acidity value, peroxide value, K270 and K232) were not found, however significant effects on the levels of bitterness, polyphenols, tocopherols (vitamin E), chlorophyll and carotenoids were observed. Oils from sonicated pastes showed lower bitterness and higher content of tocopherols, chlorophylls and carotenoids. Related to sensory characteristics, off-flavour volatiles were not detected in oils from sonication treatments. Total peak areas of volatiles and the ratio hexanal/E-2-hexenal, as determined by SPME analysis, were lower than non-sonicated reference oils; sensory evaluation by panel test showed higher intensity of positive attributes and lesser of negative characteristics than those untreated.