高强度聚焦超声经颅脑肿瘤治疗焦域的仿真研究*

为了研究脑组织和脑肿瘤组织在HIFU治疗时形成焦域的特性及坏死肿瘤组织、不同治疗剂量参数以及多次治疗时焦点间距和时间间隔对HIFU形成焦域的影响,本文以脑胶质瘤患者为例,利用患者头颅CT图像数据建立HIFU经颅治疗的仿真模型,基于Westervelt声波非线性传播方程和Pennes生物热传导方程进行HIFU经颅治疗的仿真研究。结果表明,脑组织和脑肿瘤组织内形成HIFU焦域的差异较小,坏死肿瘤组织对HIFU温度场分布有较小影响;辐照声强越大,焦点温升达到同一温度所用时间越短,焦域长短轴越短,颅骨处温升越低;当焦点间距在一定范围内时,第一次辐照形成的温度场分布对第二个焦点温升达到同一温度所需时间影响较大;两次辐照时间间隔对颅骨处温升和两次聚焦形成60?C以上温度分布影响较小。     

双频超声激励空化泡动力学耦合因素研究*

研究双超声各因素对空化气泡动力学影响,找出最佳的耦合效果。对Rayleigh-Plesset方程模型进行修改,并利用MATLAB提供的Runge-Kutta算法进行数值求解,考察频率、相位差,声强的不同耦合对双超声激励空化泡动力学过程的影响。结果表明:在其他条件相同的情况下,双超声与单超声相比,空化泡运动过程中的最大半径较大,空化泡半径收缩的变化率也较大,同时可知,采用相同频率低频超声组合的空化强度最强;保持双超声初相位相同,避免两者反相,以及超声声强组合平均分配等,有利于提高空化效果。当采用不同频率组合激励时,要根据实验条件选择合适的双超声频率组合、相位差和声强的分配,才能起到协同强化作用。     

Influence of high power ultrasound on Brettanomyces and lactic acid bacteria in wine in continuous flow treatment

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of non-thermal technology, a high power ultrasound (HPU) in continuous flow treatment on the reduction in number of Brettanomyces yeasts and lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in wine samples. Yeast cells and lactic acid bacteria were screened for their sensitivity to a high power ultrasound treatment using an ultrasonic processor (400 W, 24 kHz, 100 μm amplitude) at two different wine temperatures (30 and 40 °C). High power ultrasound treatment in continuous flow showed satisfactory reduction of Brettanomyces yeasts (89.1–99.7%) and lactic acid bacteria (71.8–99.3%). Sensory properties of wine were impaired. The results indicate a great potential for the application of HPU in continuous flow system for wine processing in terms of lower usage of SO₂ and preservatives. More attention is needed to preserve sensorial properties of wine.     

Effect of exposure parameters on cavitation induced by low-level dual-frequency ultrasound

In order to quantify the effects of exposure parameters under therapeutic conditions such as sonodynamic therapy, it is necessary initially to evaluate the inertial cavitation activity in vitro. In this study, the dependence of cavitation activity induced by the low-level dual-frequency ultrasound irradiation on exposure parameters has been studied. Experiments were performed in the near 150 kHz and 1 MHz fields in the progressive wave mode. It has been shown that at constant ultrasound energy the fluorescence intensity for continuous sonication is higher than for pulsed mode. With increasing the duty cycle of pulsed field, the inertial cavitation activity is increased. The activity of cavitation produced by simultaneous combined sonication by two ultrasound fields is remarkably higher than the algebraic sum of effects produced by fields separately (p-value < 0.05). This study shows that simultaneous combined dual-frequency ultrasound sonication in continuous mode is more effective in producing inertial cavitation activity at low-level intensity. Therefore, it is concluded that investigations in this combined ultrasound sonication can be useful in sonodynamic therapy for superficial tumors.     

High-power ultrasound in olive paste pretreatment. Effect on process yield and virgin olive oil characteristics

The effect of high-power ultrasound on olive paste, on laboratory thermo-mixing operations for virgin olive oil extraction, has been studied. Direct sonication by an ultrasound probe horn (105 W cm⁻² and 24 kHz) and indirect sonication with an ultrasound-cleaning bath (150 W and 25 kHz) were applied and their effects compared with the conventional thermal treatment.

A quick-heating of olive paste, from ambient (12–20 °C) to optimal temperature conditions (28–30 °C), and an oil extractability improvement were observed when applying sonication. Better extractability was obtained by direct sonication for high moisture olives (>50%) whereas indirect sonication gave greater extractability for low moisture olive fruits (<50%).

Optimal application of ultrasound was achieved with direct sonication for 4 min at the beginning of paste malaxation and with indirect sonication during the malaxation time.

Effect of high-power ultrasound on oil quality parameters and nutritional and sensory characteristics were studied. Changes in quality parameters (free acidity value, peroxide value, K270 and K232) were not found, however significant effects on the levels of bitterness, polyphenols, tocopherols (vitamin E), chlorophyll and carotenoids were observed. Oils from sonicated pastes showed lower bitterness and higher content of tocopherols, chlorophylls and carotenoids. Related to sensory characteristics, off-flavour volatiles were not detected in oils from sonication treatments. Total peak areas of volatiles and the ratio hexanal/E-2-hexenal, as determined by SPME analysis, were lower than non-sonicated reference oils; sensory evaluation by panel test showed higher intensity of positive attributes and lesser of negative characteristics than those untreated.     

超声辐射和相转移催化下肟苄醚的合成

在超声辐射和苄基十四烷基二甲基氯化铵作用下, 肟和苄基溴在NaOH水溶液中于室温反应30～60 min, 肟苄基醚的收率60%～96%, 反应时间短, 收率高, 对环境友好.     

心脏彩超对AECOPD并发肺栓塞的评估价值

本文探讨心脏彩超评估慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(AECOPD)合并急性肺栓塞的价值。选取AECOPD合并急性肺栓塞患者65例作为观察组,同时选取单纯AECOPD患者130例作为对照组。结果显示,观察组肺动脉内径(PA)、右室内径(RV)、右房内径(RA)和舒张晚期峰值速度(Am)明显高于对照组(P<0.05),而肺动脉瓣口流速(PV)、舒张早期峰值速度(Em)明显低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组预后不良患者PA、RV、RA明显高于预后良好患者(P<0.05),而PV明显低于预后良好患者(P<0.05);PA、RV、RA和PV预测预后不良的ROC曲线下面积较优。心血管参数与AECOPD并发肺栓塞患者病情程度、预后有关,在预测预后方面有一定价值。     

Laser array line source with adjustable period used for LGUS chemical corrosion detection

A novel optical arrangement to generate a laser array line source of laser-generated ultrasound based on two-beam interference is proposed. The arrangement simplifies the adjustment of the laser array source period by changing the intersection angle of two interference beams. The performance of the arrangement is illustrated through measurements of the surface acoustic wave generated by the nanosecond laser array line source in aluminum metal. The surface acoustic wave generated by the laser line array source has stronger directivity parallel to the direction of the line source. The intensity of the measured surface acoustic wave is higher than that generated by a laser spot source with the same incident energy. The optical arrangement generating the laser array line source will be particularly advantageous in laser-generated ultrasound systems used for chemical corrosion detection.     

奇异值分解滤波器在超声造影成像的应用及性能分析*

信噪比和造影-组织残留比是衡量造影性能的主要指标,现有提升方法多从频域入手,存在两个缺陷:噪声、组织残留与造影剂信号存在频带重叠时(如二次谐波),频域滤波性能受限;虽然非线性基波、次谐波等方法可解决频带重叠问题,但面对前端电路非对称性及信号饱和导致的组织残留,仍难在频域进行滤除。奇异值分解滤波器是一种非频域方法,可将接收信号分解成若干空时域子空间,通过对子空间进行保留及重组,可提取微泡且滤除噪声与组织残留。该文研究了该类滤波器在造影成像的应用,并采用性能分析实验论证了其可行性与优越性。     

在役枞树型叶根原位相控阵超声检测技术*

本文是利用相控阵超声检测成像技术对枞树型叶根进行全覆盖检测系列文章的第二篇。根据检测工艺制作人工缺陷参考试块对叶根不同区域缺陷的检测覆盖和检测灵敏度进行验证研究,并与CIVA模拟缺陷信号结果进行对比。首先采用文章Ⅰ得出的全覆盖检测工艺进行相控阵超声检测实验,针对叶根检测空间受限设计了夹具对探头进行控制,保证了耦合与检测结果的重复性,实现叶根检测数据与检测位置的对应。检测结果表明：(1)叶根内、外弧缺陷相控阵检测数据成像与Civa仿真缺陷模拟检测结果基本一致,说明利用三维扫描尺寸建模和声学仿真模拟软件可有效解决不同规格枞树型叶根全覆盖检测工艺开发难题;(2)根据相控阵检测数据S视图和A视图,结合叶根截面外形结构图可有效判别叶根各截面第1齿根处的缺陷,实现了叶根相控阵全覆盖检测;(3)按照该相控阵组合检测工艺检测出的缺陷信号信噪比高,定位精准,能有效实现在役叶根原位检测。研究结果对相控阵超声技术在汽轮机叶根在役检测工程应用具有较大的参考价值。