Microstructure characterization of porous silicon as studied by positron annihilation measurements at low temperatures and high vacuum

Atomic scale properties of thin porous silicon (PSi) layers, characterized by the formation of positronium, are investigated using positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy in the temperature range 20-300 K under 10⁻⁷ Torr vacuum. The longest orthopositronium as well as the shortest parapositronium components are found to have quite low intensities in the thin layer at room temperature. It is also found that at temperatures ≤240 K, these two components do not show up in the spectrum. The reason for this absence of the longest lifetime component is suggested.     

简谈空气中的声速与温度关系

讨论了驻波法测空气中声速的实验,分别用相位比较法和李萨如图法来确定超声波波长.在不同温度条件下测量了声速并与理论值进行比较,实验结果显示测量温度接近室温时实验值与理论值基本一致,测量温度与室温相差较大时实验值与理论值偏差较大.     

铜-康铜热电偶的低温不均匀性实验研究

从冰点到液氮温度的宽低温区内,对随机选取的铜-康铜热电偶进行了重复性精度标定.测试结果表明,多次断偶重复焊接行为将产生约0.272 mV的标准差.这意味着在液氮条件下,温度测量过程的最大误差将达8.98 ℃.所以,对现场、尤其对深冷区的现场进行精确测温实验中出现的断偶故障,重新焊接后必须重新标定才能继续使用.     

Photoinduced Electron Transfer From Carbazole to Halomethanes in a Gas Phase

Intermolecular photoinduced electron transfer (PET) in a gas phase was studied using carbazole vapor fluorescence quenching by halomethanes (CHCl₃, CH₂Br₂, CCl₄, CHBr₃). The fluorescence quenching rate constants k _q changing from 2.3·10⁵ sec^–1·torr^–1 in mixtures with CHCl₃ to 4.6·10⁶ sec^–1·torr^–1 in mixtures with CHBr₃ at a constant temperature of 403 K were estimated. The dependence of the carbazole fluorescence decay rates in the presence of halomethanes on the free energy change G during transfer of the electron from carbazole to halomethanes is considered. It is suggested to take into account the influence of the vibrational energy of the carbazole molecule E _vib and its temperature changes in estimation of the G values. The differences between PET in the gas and liquid phases were analyzed. It is found that for mixtures with CCl₄ and CHBr₃ the negative temperature dependence of k _q is observed, when the decay rates and efficiencies of the intermolecular PET decreased with temperature increase in the range 403–573 K, i.e. these mixtures the electron transfer is not a barrier-restricted process.     

An experimental validation of vibro-acoustic prediction by the use of simplified methods

Predicting the vibro-acoustic behaviour of a structure is usually done by using the well established finite element (FE) method and boundary element method. This paper presents a vibro-acoustic prediction case performed on a metal box using less accurate but simplified methods: sub-structuring for the calculation of the dynamic response of the structure, and a monopole distribution for the radiated noise calculation. Both are less accurate but faster methods than previous ones. An experimental validation was performed. It led to the conclusion that these methods give precise results and are sufficient for the pre-design of structures in the low frequency domain. However, this conclusion must be moderated by the fact that in spite of the simplicity of the structure, the FE model had to be adjusted to the experiments to yield to a result close to the experiments.     

瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰光谱的实验研究

本文概述了瓦斯煤尘爆炸火焰光谱实验研究的重要性,我们在弱爆炸和探测器小视场角的条件下,利用自己研制的多波道仪,在一端开口的Φ200cm×2900cm大型管道里,得到了CH4、空气和煤尘的混合物在不同状态下,特征波长λ等于0.8875、1.000、1.505、2.801和4.346微米(μ)的绝对辐射强度及其有关的变化规律,对结果进行了分析讨论,并与国外实验结果进行了对比,根据测量λ=4.346μ绝对辐射强度和我们选择的黑体辐射模型,获得了爆炸火焰的温度,该项研究不仅在工业中具有重要意义,而且对燃烧和化学动力学的研究也具有参考价值。     

Estimation of temperature elevation generated by ultrasonic irradiation in biological tissues using the thermal wave method

In most previous models,simulation of the temperature generation in tissue is based on the Pennes bio-heat transfer equation,which implies an instantaneous thermal energy deposition in the medium.Due to the long thermal relaxation time τ(20 s-30 s) in biological tissues,the actual temperature elevation during clinical treatments could be different from the value predicted by the Pennes bioheat equation.The thermal wave model of bio-heat transfer(TWMBT) defines a thermal relaxation time to describe the tissue heating from ultrasound exposure.In this paper,COMSOL Multiphysics 3.5a,a finite element method software package,is used to simulate the temperature response in tissues based on Pennes and TWMBT equations.We further discuss different factors in the bio-heat transfer model on the influence of the temperature rising and it is found that the temperature response in tissue under ultrasound exposure is a rising process with a declining rate.The thermal relaxation time inhibits the temperature elevation at the beginning of ultrasonic heating.Besides,thermal relaxation in TWMBT leads to lower temperature estimation than that based on Pennes equation during the same period of time.The blood flow carrying heat dominates most to the decline of temperature rising rate and the influence increases with temperature rising.On the contrary,heat diffusion,which can be described by thermal conductivity,has little effect on the temperature rising.     

Resonant Raman scattering from a spin density wave insulator

We present a calculation of the electronic Raman cross section for the scattering of light across the energy gap of an antiferromagnetic insulator. The antiferromagnet is described in terms of a spin density wave state for the Hubbard model at half filling. We consider the coupling of the light to the current density and the inverse mass tensor on equal footing. A comparison of the cross section for different scattering geometries is given.     

高位振动态RbH(Х1Σ+,v″≧15) 与CO2碰撞转移中的能量相关性

研究了高位振动态RbH(Х1Σ+,v″=15-21)与CO2碰撞转移过程。脉冲激光激发RbH至高位态,利用激光感应荧光 光谱(LIF)得到RbH(Х1Σ+,v″)与CO2的猝灭速率系数,。利用激光泛频光谱技术,测量了CO2(0000,J)高转动态分布。得到了转动温度,从而获得了平均转动能和转动能的变化<ΔErot>,发现。对于v"=16,证实了振动—振动能量转移的4-1近共振过程。在一次碰撞条件下,通过速率方程分析,得到RH(v")-CO2振转速率系数。对于v"=15,J=32-48,速率系数在1.25-0.33×10-13cm3s-1.之间,对于v"=21,速率系数在2.47-1. 53×10-13cm3s-1之间,其能量相关性是明显的。     

介质阻挡放电中点线放电的谱线线型及振动温度

在氩气/空气的混合气体近大气压介质阻挡放电中,首次观察到点状与线状放电共存的放电现象, 测量比较了点状与线状放电的谱线频移和振动温度。谱线频移的测量利用的是氩原子ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)的发射谱线,振动温度的测量利用的是氮分子第二正带系(C3Π_u→B3Π_g) 的发射谱线。结果表明：点放电中的ArⅠ(2P₂→1S₅)谱线的频移大于线放电谱线的频移,表明前者电子密度较高;而点放电振动温度低于线放电的振动温度。