叶片茸毛对叶片反射光谱及高光谱植被指数的影响研究

很多高光谱植被指数被用于对植被的生化物质含量进行非破坏性的估计与反演。由于这些指数都是利用不同波段的反射率计算而得到的,因而对叶片反射具有很大影响的茸毛等叶表结构对这些植被指数的反演精度的影响不容忽视。本研究发现去茸毛处理使得在400～1 000nm范围的的光谱反射都有所下降,但在各个波段的变化并不均匀。通过对比39个现有的高光谱植被指数在经过去茸毛处理前后的变化,发现一些只单独利用可见光或者近红外波段的高光谱植被指数,如CTR1:R695/R420,D740/D720,WBI:R900/R970,R860/(R550×R708)以及红边指数(REP)比大多数既使用可见光又使用近红外波段的高光谱植被指数受茸毛变化影响小,它们对茸毛的低敏感性可以使其在进行植被生化物质反演时更具有普适性。     

重金属Cu胁迫下典型农作物叶片日光诱导荧光辐射特征提取研究

典型农作物在受到重金属Cu胁迫的情况下,日光诱导荧光辐射特征会发生变化,可以间接地反映植被受重金属胁迫的强度。采用不同含量的Cu溶液或Cu污染土壤作为培养基质,选择小麦、豌豆和白菜三种典型农作物进行Cu胁迫实验,通过地物光谱仪和积分球耦合测量方式获得在不同Cu胁迫强度下的植物叶片的表观反射光谱。基于叶片荧光光谱特性,采用模型反演的方法将表观荧光光谱从表观反射光谱中提取出来,并采用三种算法(GM,AM和LM)对表观荧光光谱进行重吸收校正,获得了在不同Cu含量胁迫下典型农作物的荧光光谱,并建立了远红荧光峰(FRF)高度与叶片中Cu含量之间的正相关关系。     

植物蒸腾作用对红外辐射特征的影响研究

研究植被的红外辐射特征是开展地面军事目标红外伪装与隐身的基础,模拟植被红外特性的形成机理可实现目标与背景的精确融合。叶片蒸腾是植被特有的生理机制,是影响植被红外辐射特征的主要因素之一。通过建立植物叶片的能量平衡物理模型,分析计算出植物蒸腾特性对叶面温度的影响。应用气孔计、红外热像仪实测了樟树、冬青等典型植物叶片的蒸腾作用、叶面温度、红外辐射特征的日周期变化,通过与干枯叶片的对比表明,植物蒸腾作用能够有效调节叶片的能量平衡,控制叶面温度处于合理的范围内,抑制叶片红外辐射特征的深幅变化。     

Nanocrystalline nickel films with lotus leaf texture for superhydrophobic and low friction surfaces

Nanostructured Ni films with high hardness, high hydrophobicity and low coefficient of friction (COF) were fabricated. The surface texture of lotus leaf was replicated using a cellulose acetate film, on which a nanocrystalline (NC) Ni coating with a grain size of 30 ± 4 nm was electrodeposited to obtain a self-sustaining film with a hardness of 4.42 GPa. The surface texture of the NC Ni obtained in this way featured a high density (4 × 10³ mm⁻²) of conical protuberances with an average height of 10.0 ± 2.0 μm and a tip radius of 2.5 ± 0.5 μm. This structure increased the water repellency and reduced the COF, compared to smooth NC Ni surfaces. The application of a short-duration (120 s) electrodeposition process that deposited “Ni crowns” with a larger radius of 6.0 ± 0.5 μm on the protuberances, followed by a perfluoropolyether (PFPE) solution treatment succeeded in producing a surface texture consisting of nanotextured protuberances that resulted in a very high water contact angle of 156°, comparable to that of the superhydrophobic lotus leaf. Additionally, the microscale protuberances eliminated the initial high COF peaks observed when smooth NC Ni films were tested, and the PFPE treatment resulted in a 60% reduction in the steady-state COFs.     

(R)-Eucomic acid, a leaf-opening factor of the model organism, Lotus japonicus

In the post-genomic era, the biological activity of endogenous metabolites can be linked to genomic information via its target protein. Consequently, studies concerned with the identification of endogenous bioactive metabolites from model organisms should be undertaken. (R)-Eucomic acid (1) was identified as an endogenous metabolite concerning leaf movement in the model legume, Lotus japonicus. Absolute stereochemistry was investigated by comparison of physical characteristics of natural and synthetic enantiomers of 1. Identification of endogenous metabolites in a model legume would be particularly advantageous for further studies on the chemical biology of this biologically intriguing phenomenon.     

植被结构特征对MODIS光谱干旱指数的影响

基于MODIS光谱反射信息的干旱指数在农业生产实践中有广泛的应用。利用PROSAIL模型和山东2010年的观测数据,研究了植被叶面积指数和生理生长周期等结构特征对MODIS光谱干旱指数的影响。结果表明,MODIS近红外与短波红外三个波段的反射率随植被叶片含水量变化明显,由他们构建的五种MODIS光谱干旱指数能够监测植被叶片水分含量。然而,各干旱指数均受叶面积指数(LAI)的影响,在LAI较低时影响较为严重,随着LAI的增大,这一影响逐渐减弱;植被生理生长周期也会影响干旱指数的大小。因此,在使用MODIS光谱干旱指数进行区域干旱监测时,必须考虑植被结构特征,谨慎分析监测结果。研究结论将为干旱遥感监测提供理论基础。     

近红外光谱技术快速检测莲子粉

莲子是我国重要的药食同源食物,与莲子营养价值相当、便于食用的莲子粉备受消费者青睐。为保证莲子粉的品质,利用近红外光谱(NIRs)技术对掺杂小麦粉、玉米粉和地瓜粉的莲子粉进行鉴定,在样品类别已知下利用支持向量机(SVM)、最小二乘支持向量机(LS-SVM)、偏最小二乘法-判别分析(PLS-DA)模型进行判别,在样品类别未知下基于聚类算法进行判别。同时,对莲子粉中水分含量利用偏最小二乘(PLS)回归进行定量分析。结果表明,LS-SVM模型对纯莲子粉样品与掺入小麦粉、玉米粉和地瓜粉的莲子粉样品的判别率达到100%;基于聚类算法能够有效识别掺入5%地瓜粉、小麦粉和玉米粉的莲子粉样品;PLS模型对莲子粉中水分含量预测综合性能良好,其中经过标准化预处理得到模型效果最佳,其R2_c,RMSEC,R2_p和RMSEP分别达到0.973 2,0.111 5,0.969 5和0.118 9。近红外光谱技术能为隐蔽的莲子粉掺杂的鉴别以及莲子粉中水分含量监控提供一种快速、准确、无损检测的分析方法,为保证高档次莲子品质提供一种有益的思路。     

用清除超氧阴离子自由基法评价竹叶提取物抗氧化能力

通过对邻苯三酚反应体系的吸收光谱,对自氧化速率及邻苯三酚浓度和缓冲液pH值对反应体系产生的超氧阴离子自由基清除率的影响进行了研究.分光光度法测定邻苯三酚反应体系的检测波长为319.5眦,反应体系体积10 mL,反应时间为9 min,3 mmol·L-1邻苯三酚加入量为0.3 mL,Tris-HCl缓冲液pH值为8.2,自氧化速率为0.035;用上述方法研究合成抗氧化剂叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)和竹叶提取物样品浓度和清除率的关系,以IC50值(清除率为50%时的浓度值)作为评价指标,测得TBHQ和效果最好样品的IC50值分别为TBHQ(95.01 mg·L-1)和M40(298.69 mg·L-1),M40等竹叶提取物可以作为天然抗氧化剂进行开发.     

Facile method to prepare lotus-leaf-like super-hydrophobic poly(vinyl chloride) film

A simple new approach was developed to obtain a super-hydrophobic PVC film from a natural lotus leaf using the nanocasting method. SEM shows that compared with a common smooth PVC film, a lotus-leaf-like surface structure was clearly observed on the super-hydrophobic PVC film. The water contact angle and rolling-off angle on the as-prepared lotus-leaf-like PVC film were 157 ± 1.8° and 3 ± 0.6°, respectively. The samples were kept at temperatures between 5 and 40 °C in the ambient atmosphere for 2 months, and no decrease in water contact angle was observed, nor was contamination observed.     

Structure and oil repellency: Textiles with liquid repellency to hexane

Combining structure and liquid repellent coatings to optimise non-wettability is a well-established field. However, the area in recent years has been dominated by data on water repellency. The work here provides data on how certain plant structures can be used to develop surfaces that provide repellency towards both polar and non-polar, low surface tension fluids. Combining fluoropolymer coatings with ‘hairy’ fibres is particularly beneficial for providing liquid-repellent textiles. None of these surfaces can however be regarded as super-repellent to low surface tension liquids (i.e. with little difference in advancing and receding contact angles).